Session 4 - Anatomy Of Saivation And Swallowing

Question 1

Is saliva hypertonic or hypotonic

Answer 1

Hypotonic

Question 2

What is xerostomia?

Answer 2

Dry mouth

Question 3

What are the 3 paired salivary glands?

Answer 3

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 4

Which muscle does the duct of the parotid gland pierce?

Answer 4

Buccinator

Question 5

Which muscle forms the floor of the mouth?

Answer 5

Mylohyoid

Question 6

Where in relation to mylohyoid are sublingual and submandibular glands?

Answer 6

Sublingual above mylohyoid

Submandibular below mylohyoid

Question 7

Describe the duct of submandibular gland

Answer 7

1 duct

Opens onto the floor of the mouth medially

Question 8

Describe the ducts of sublingual gland

Answer 8

Multiple ducts which open laterally

Question 9

Which cranial nerve supplies sublingual and submandibular glands?

Answer 9

Facial nerve

Question 10

Which cranial nerve supplies the parotid gland?

Answer 10

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 11

What is mumps?

Answer 11

A swelling of the parotid gland.
Very painful

Also causes ovarian and testicular swelling.

Question 12

Wat are the 3 phases of swallowing?

Answer 12

Oral preparatory phase
Pharyngeal phase
Oesophageal phase

Question 13

Describe the oral preparatory phase of swallowing

Answer 13

Voluntary
Tongue pushes bolus towards pharynx
When bolus touches pharyngeal wall - the pharyngeal phase begins

Question 14

Describe the pharyngeal phase of swallowing (6 things)

Answer 14

Involuntary
Soft palate seals off nasopharynx
Pharyngeal constrictors push bolus downwards
Larynx elevates , closing epiglottis
Vocal cords adduct
Opening of the upper oesophageal sphincter

Question 15

Describe the oesophageal phase of swallowing

Answer 15

Involuntary
Closure of upper oesophageal sphincter
Peristaltic wave carries bolus down to stomach

Question 16

what is the neural pathway for swallowing?

Answer 16

Mechanoreceptors 
Afferent = glossopharyngeal 
Medulla 
Efferent = vagus nerve 
Pharyngeal constrictors

Question 17

What is the neural pathway for gagging ?

Answer 17

Mechanoreceptors
Glossopharyngeal nerve 
Medulla 
Vagus nerve 
Pharyngeal constrictors

Question 18

Where does the oesophagus narrow?

Answer 18

1. Junction of oesophagus with pharynx
2. Where oesophagus is crossed by aorta
3. Where oesophagus is crossed by left main bronchus
4. At the oesophageal hiatus

Question 19

What prevents gastric reflux?

Answer 19

Functional sphincter formed from smooth muscle - thickening
Diaphragm - right crus
Intra-abdominal pressure compresses oesophagus
Acute angle of entry into stomach