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Infection A > Session 6 Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Session 6 Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a surface?

A

Interference between a solid and either a liquid or gas

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2
Q

Give some examples of viruses that affect the skin?

A

Papilloma - warts and verucas

Herpes simplex - cold sores

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3
Q

Give some examples of gram positive bacteria that affect the skin?

A

Staph aureus, coagulase negative staphylococcus aureus and corynebacterium

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4
Q

Give some examples of gran negative bacteria that affect the skin

A

Enterobacteriaceae

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5
Q

Give some examples of fungi that affect the skin

A

Yeasts - candida

Dermatophytes - athletes foot

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6
Q

Give some examples of parasites that affect the skin

A

Mites - eg public lice

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7
Q

How do people get infections?

A

Invasion, migration, innoculation or haemotogenous

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8
Q

Give am example of an infection that acts by invasion?

A

Strep pyogenes pharyngitis

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9
Q

Give an example of an infection that is acquired by migration?

A

Escherichia coli urinary tract infection

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10
Q

Give an example of an infection acquired by innoculation

A

Coagulate negative - staphylococcus prosthetic joint infection

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11
Q

Give an example of an infection that is spread haemotogenously?

A

Viridans strep endocarditis

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12
Q

What is the biggest complication of prosthetic point surgery?

A

Infection

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13
Q

Give an example of an external natural surface infection

A

Cellulitis, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, GI, UTI and pneumonia

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14
Q

Give examples of internal natural surface infections

A

Endovascular - endocarditis and vasculitis
Septic arthritis
Osteomyelitis
Empyema

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15
Q

What is septic arthritis

A

Inflammation of a joint caused by bacterial infection.

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16
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

Bone infection caused by bacteria. Occurs when you have a broken bone without breaking the skin therefore bleeding internally

17
Q

What is empyema?

A

Condition where pus builds up in the pleural space, often as a complication of pneumonia

18
Q

Give examples of prosthetic surface infections

A

Intravascular line, peritoneal dialysis catheters, prosthetic joints, cardiac valves, pacing wires, endovascular grafts

19
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

Build up fluid on the brain. The excess fluid puts pressure on the brain which can damage it.

20
Q

What bacteria is responsible for causing prosthetic valve endocarditis <1year post op?

A

Coagulase negative staphylococci

21
Q

What bacteria are responsible for prosthetic valve endocarditis >1year post op?

A

Viridans streptoccci, enterococcus faecalis, staph aureus, HACEK group, Candida

22
Q

What are the causes of prosthetic joint infections?

A

Coagulase negative staphylococci and staphylococcus aureus

23
Q

What are the processes in pathogenesis of infection at a surface?

A
  • Adherence to host cells or prosthetic surfaces
  • Biofilm formation
  • Invasion and multiplication
  • Host response
24
Q

Define pyogenic?

A

Pus forming

25
Q

What is adherence?

A

The bacteria sticking to host cell membrane

26
Q

What is a biofilm?

A

Any group of microorganism stick to eachother and adhere to the surface.

27
Q

What is quorum sensing?

A

This allows both gram positive and negative bacteria to sense one another and regulate many physiological activities

28
Q

What does quorum sensing control?

A

Sport Latino, biofilm formation and virulence factor secretion

29
Q

What are autoinducers?

A

These are signalling molecules that are expressed in response to changes in population density of the cell.

30
Q

What happens to the autoinducers concentration when the density of quorum sensing bacteria increase?

A

Autoinducer concentration increases

31
Q

What is the aim of infection management?

A

Sterilise tissues and reduce bioburden

32
Q

What are the challenges facing the management of infection?

A
  • Poor antimicrobial penetration into biofilm
  • Low metabolic activity of biofilm microorganisms
  • Dangers/difficulties of surgery
33
Q

Why does the low metabolic activity of biofilm microorganisms affect the activity of an antimicrobial?

A

Antimicrobials work best when the bacteria are actively multiplying

34
Q

How do you prevent a natural surface from infection?

A

Maintain surface integrity, prevent bacterial surface colonisation and remove colonising bacteria

35
Q

How do you prevent infections on prosthetic surfaces?

A
  • Prevent contamination
  • Inhibit surface colonisation
  • Remove colonising bacteria

Infection A (18 decks)

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