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Psychology > Session 6 - Don't even bother > Flashcards

Session 6 - Don't even bother Flashcards

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1
Q

Any activity undertaken by a person believing themselves to be healthy for the purposes of preventing disease or detecting it at an asymptomatic stage is known as?

A

Health behaviour

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2
Q

Health risk behaviours are known as?

A

Behavioural pathogens

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3
Q

Health protective behaviours are known as?

A

Behavioural immunogens

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4
Q

What are the 3 phases of problem-solving approaches?

  1. Problem E_______ and clarification
  2. G_____ setting
  3. Facilitating a______
A
  1. Exploitation
  2. Goal
  3. action
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5
Q

A broad term used to describe how people encode, process, interpret, remember and then learn from and use information in social interactions in order to make sense of the behaviour of others and sense of the world is known as?

A

Sociocognitive models of behaviour change

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6
Q

In Social Cognitive Theory, behaviour is determined by 3 types of individual expectancies. What are these expectancies?

  1. Situation-o______ expectancies
  2. Outcome expectancies
  3. S______-e_____ beliefs
A
  1. Outcomes

3. Self-efficacy

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7
Q

Believing that stopping smoking would reduce risk of heart-attack is an example of what type of SCT expectancy?

A

Outcome expectancy

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8
Q

The extent to which the person believes they can stop smoking is an example of what type of SCT expectancy?

A

Self-efficacy beliefs

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9
Q

Making the connection between smoking and having a heart attack would be an example of what SCT expectancy?

A

Situation - outcome expectancy

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10
Q

Which theory describes the influence of individual experiences, the actions of others, and environmental factors on individual health behaviors?

A

Social Cognitive Theory

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11
Q

What are the 4 core beliefs of the Health Belief Model?

  1. perceived s______
  2. perceived severity
  3. perceived b______
  4. perceived barriers
A
  1. susceptibility

3. benefits

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12
Q

Which model proposes that messages will achieve optimal behavior change if they successfully target perceived barriers, benefits, self-efficacy, and threat?

A

Health Belief Model (HBM)

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13
Q

The HBM proposes that the likelihood that a person will engage in particular health behaviour depends on 4 factors, what are they?

  1. D_______ factors
  2. Four beliefs
  3. C_____ to a_____
  4. Health motivation
A
  1. Demographic

3. Cue to action

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14
Q

Which decision-making model proposes that an individual evaluates the expected desirability of certain actions and their outcomes and select s the action with the highest success?

A

Subjective Expected Utility Theory

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15
Q

Which theory expanded on the HBM to include self-efficacy and adding the emotion of fear as part of threat appraisal?

A

Protection Motivation Theory

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16
Q

Which theory (derived from SCT) proposes that behaviors are immediately determined by behavioral intentions?

A

Theory of Planned Behaviour

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17
Q

Which 3 factors determine behavioural intentions in the Theory of Planned Behaviour?

  1. a_____ toward the behavior
  2. subjective n_____
  3. perceived behavioral c_____.
A
  1. attitude
  2. norms
  3. control.
18
Q

When a person observes the behavior of another and then imitates that behavior, this is known as?

A

Modelling

19
Q

The belief that one can perform a particular behaviour in a given set of circumstances is called?

A

Self-efficacy

20
Q

A set of procedures designed to increase motivation to change behaviour designed by Miller and Rollnick is known as?

A

Motivation Interviewing

21
Q

What is it called when a person considers themselves as being less likely than comparable others to develop an illness or experience a negative event?

A

Unrealistic optimism/ Optimistic bias

22
Q

What are the 7 factors of The Alameda 7?

  1. Sleeping __ - __ hours a night
  2. Not s______
  3. Consuming no more than 1-2 drinks per day
  4. Regular e______
  5. Not eating between meals
  6. Eating breakfast
  7. Being no more than ___% overweight
A
  1. 7-8
  2. smoking
  3. exercise
  4. 10%
23
Q

What are the top 3 most prevalent psychoactive drugs?

A
  1. Caffeine
  2. Alcohol
  3. Nicotine
24
Q

What are 3 factors that can lead to alcohol dependency?

A
  1. Genetics and family history
  2. Pre-existence of certain psycho-pathology (personality risk factors)
  3. The social learning experience
25
Q

What are factors that can lead to use of drugs and alcohol and smoking? (9)

  1. G______
  2. Curiosity
  3. M______, social learning and reinforcement
  4. Social p_____
  5. Image and reputation
  6. Self-c____ and self-e____
  7. Weight control
  8. R___ t____ propensity
  9. Health c______
A
  1. Genetics
  2. Modelling
  3. Social pressure
  4. concept, esteem
  5. risk taking
  6. cognitions
26
Q

What are 4 psychological issues for continuing health risk behaviour?

  1. P_____
  2. Simply a h_____
  3. Form a stress self-management
  4. A lack of s___- e_____
A
  1. Pleasure
  2. habit
  3. A lack of self-efficacy
27
Q

Eysenck’s three factor model states that individual personality is reflected in an individuals scores along three dimensions. What are the 3 dimensions?

  1. E______
  2. Neuroticism
  3. P_______
A
  1. Extroversion

3. Psychoticism

28
Q

Persistent and chronic fear of anything new is known as?

A

Neophobia

29
Q

The perception that ones health is under personal control; controlled by powerful others or under control of external factors is called?

A

Health Locus of Control

30
Q

The personality trait where people have either internal LOC orientation (responsibility for outcomes on self) or external orientation (responsibility of outcomes left to other factors) is called what?

A

Generalised Locus of Control

31
Q

One’s belief in personal control over a certain specific action or behaviour is known as?

A

Perceived behavioural control

32
Q

Having a generally negative outlook on life and a tendency to anticipate negative outcomes is known as?

A

Dispositional pessimism

33
Q

Which theory considers the extent to which behaviour is self-motivated and influenced by the core needs of autonomy, competence and psychological relatedness?

A

Self-determination theory

34
Q

How people want you to behave in certain situations is called?

A

Injunctive norms

35
Q

The process by which individuals monitor and adjust their behaviour, thoughts and emotions in order to maintain a balance or a sense or normal function is known as?

A

Self-regulation

36
Q

The extent to which a person can focus on activities and goals and avoid being distracted by competing goals, demands or negative arising emotions which may interfere with goal attainment is known as?

A

Attentional control

37
Q

Which theory states that individuals need to be able to find meaning in their lives if they are to achieve mental health or happiness?

A

Existential theory

38
Q

The simultaneous existence of both positive and negative evaluations of an attitude-object, which could be both cognitive and emotional is known as?

A

Ambivalence

39
Q

The tendency to answer questions about oneself or ones behaviour in a way that is though likely to meet with social approval is known as?

A

Social desirability bias

40
Q

What are the 3 components of attitude that are considered enduring and generalizable and are likely to predict behaviour?

  1. C______: beliefs about the attitude-object
  2. E______: feelings towards the attitude-object
  3. B______: intended action towards the attitude-object
A
  1. Cognitive
  2. Emotional
  3. Behavioural
41
Q

Continuing to smoke whilst having negative attitude towards smoking is an example of what?

A

Dissonance - a dissociation between attitude and behaviour

42
Q

What are the 4 factors associated with unrealistic optimism?

  1. Lack of p______ e______ with the behaviour or problem
  2. Belief that their individual actions can p_____ the problem
  3. Belief that if the problem has not e______ already it is u_____ to do so in the future
  4. Belief that the problem is r_____
A
  1. personal experience
  2. Prevent
  3. emerged, unlikely
  4. rare

Psychology (11 decks)

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