Session 3 -Brainy stuff Flashcards
analysis and sequential processing is mostly controlled by which side of the brain?
Left
Which side of the brain is superior at math, judging rhythm and time and coordinating movements?
Left
Which side of the brain do most people use for language (speaking, writing and understanding)
Left
Which side of the brain is involved mainly in holistically and simultaneously processing information?
Right
Which side of the brain is better at good at perceptual skills (recognising patterns, faces, melodies, doing puzzles, drawing etc)
Right
Which side of the brain helps understand language (sarcasm, irony etc)
Right
If a person has damage to the right hemisphere of their brain, it may result in the person not eating from left side of the plate, this is an example of what?
Spatial neglect
Areas of the cortex associated with movement, the sense of self, executive functions, and planning are the….
Frontal lobes
Brain area associated with the control of movement is called?
Primary motor area
Areas of the cortex in which body sensations register are called?
Parietal lobes
Areas of cortex that include the sites where hearing registers are called?
Temporal lobes
The very front of the frontal lobes; involved in sense of self, executive functions, self regulation and planning is called?
The pre-frontal cortex
Getting stuck on the same task and repeating the same wrong answer over and over again would be an example of injury to which part of the brain?
The pre-frontal cortex
A person knowing what they want to say but having trouble actually saying it or having difficulties with speaking and writing would suggest injury to which part of the brain? What type of brain damage is this?
Broca’s area - motor aphasia
A language area related to grammar and pronunciation in left hemisphere of the brain is called?
Broca’s area
A speech disturbance resulting from brain damage is called?
Aphasia
A temporal lobe brain area related to language comprehension is called?
Wernicke’s area
If a person has difficulty understanding the meaning of words even though they can hear and speak normally they would have what type of brain damage? what area of the brain is this usually related to?
Receptive aphasia - Wernicke’s area
Injury to the occipital lobes could result in what conditions? (2)
Visual agnosia: inability to identify seen objects
Facial agnosia: inability to perceive familiar faces
Single cells that carry and process information, form vast networks and produce intelligence and consciousness are called?
Neurons
The Peripheral nervous system is directed by messages that flow down the spinal nerves. What are the two major parts of the PNS?
Somatic Nervous System and Automatic Nervous System which work together to coordinate body’s internal reaction to events
Of the SNS and ANS divisions, which controls voluntary behaviour?
SNS - a network linking the spinal cord with the body and sense organs
Of the SNS and ANS divisions, which controls involuntary behaviour?
ANS - collection of axons that carry info to and from internal organs and glands
What are the two branches of the ANS?
Parasympathetic and sympathetic
Which division of the ANS quiets the body and conserves energy?
Parasympathetic
Which division of the ANS coordinates arousal and initiates the fight or flight response?
sympathetic
A computer enhanced x-ray image that can reveal brain structure, location of strokes, injuries, tumours etc is known as?
Computed Tomographic Scan
Imaging technique that records activity levels in various areas of the brain is called?
Functional MRI
The imaging technique that results in a 3D image and allows a view into the living brain and exploration of pathways in the brain is called?
MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
The imaging technique that captures brain activity by attaching radioactive particles to glucose molecules and shows areas using more energy and higher activity is called?
Positron Emission Tomography Scan
Clumsiness, an awkward gait and poor hand-eye coordination would be evidence of what?
Neurological soft signs - Behavioural signs of nervous system dysfunction
Regulating emotion and memory, particularly rage, fear, sexual response and intense arousal can be localised in which system?
Limbic
What structures are included in the Limbic system?
- hypothalamus
- thalamus
- amygdala
- hippocampus
- other subcortical structures
Which part of the limbic system is associated with storing memories, navigating the space around us and pleasure systems?
Hippocampus
Which part of the Limbic system is associated with the rapid processing of emotions, especially fear and fearful memories?
Amygdala
Which part of the limbic system is related to disorders of the brains fear system, phobias, anxiety etc?
Amygdala
Which is considered the master gland of the endocrine system that controls the action of all other glands and hangs at the base of the brain?
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland is directed by the h______ and has roles in regulating g_____ and s______ b_______ behaviour
hypothalamus
growth
social bonding
Which gland regulates body rhythms and sleep cycles by releasing melatonin in response to daily variations in light?
Pineal gland
Which gland located in the neck regulates the rate of metabolism?
Thyroid
A thin, tense, excitable and nervous person would most likely have which thyroid complication?
Hyperthyroidism
Inactivity, sleepiness, obesity and depression are usually associated with which thyroid complication?
Hypothyroidism
Which gland located above kidney is associated with arousal of body, regulating salt balance, adjusting the body to stress and affecting sexual functioning?
Adrenal gland
The adrenal medulla releases e______ (associated with fear, arouses body) and n______ (arousal linked with anger)
epinephrine
norepinephrine
The adrenal cortex produces c______ which regulates salt balance, helps body adjust to stress and are a secondary source of sex hormones
corticoids
The capacity of the brain to change in response to experience is called?
Neuroplasticity
H_____ ______ suggests that as a result of repeated experience, synaptic connections may grow stronger and new ones may form.
Hebb’s Rule - Theory that neurons adapt during the learning process.
Executive function allows us to c______ thinking, filter out distractions, p_____ information, make plans and supress b_____ that would prevent carrying out those plans.
Coordinate
Prioritize
Behaviours
What is influenced by environment, actions and genetics but is a skill we can develop?
Self-regulation
A chemical that moves information from one nervous-system cell to another is called?
A neurotransmitter
What regulates activity of other neurons but does not carry messages directly?
Neuropeptides
What type of peptides can serve as neurotransmitters and inhibit afferent pain fibres?
Enkephalins
Chemicals produced to relieve stress and pain are called?
Endorphins
Which structure connects the brain with the spinal cord and controls vital life functions?
Medulla
Which structure in hindbrain is involved in controlling coordination and balance?
Cerebellum
Which part of the brain relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex?
Thalamus
Which part of the brain regulates emotional behaviours and basic biological needs?
Hypothalamus
