Session 4 - Immune System Flashcards
what are the 2 types of immune response
innate and adaptive
what cells are antigen presenting cells
macrophages, dendritic, B lymphocytes
what do mast cells do
release heparin, histamine and cytokines in an immune response
what does histamine cause
vasodilation and an increase in permeability of blood vessels
how do mast cells cause an allergic response
degradation of the granules in mast cells all over the body cause the release of histamine which causes general vasodilation
what are the 5 signs of inflammation (English)
redness, loss of function, pain, swelling, heat
what are the 5 signs of inflammation (latin)
rubor, calor, functino laesa, tumor, dolor
what do eosinophils do
secrete toxins to kill parasites
what do basophils do
secrete histamine and heparin during an immune response
what is interleukin a type of
cytokine
what cell is the first to arrive at the site of inflammation
neutrophils
what is the appearance of neutrophils
granular with a lobed nucleus
what do neutrophils do
carry out phagocytosis
what d macrophages do
carry out phagocytosis and are antigen presenting cells
what do dendritic cells do
carry out phagocytosis and are antigen presenting cells
what physical barriers are involved in the innate immune system
skin, mucus and stomach acid
why does swelling occur during inflammation
due to an increase in leucocytes and plasma
what 3 affects does the complement cascade have
opsonisation, inflammation and degradation of cell membranes
what is opsonisation
the marking of a pathogen for destruction using cb3 proteins
what do cytotoxic T cells do
induce apoptosis by forming holes in the membranes of host cells displaying foreign antigens presented to them by APC
which immune system are natural killer classed under
innate immune system
what do B helper cells do
differentiate into plasma cells and produce antibodies in order to maintain the humoral response
what do T helper cells do
activate B lymphocytes
what do natural killer cells do
destroy compromised host cells
