Session 10 - Respiratory System Flashcards
What happens in inspiration?
Diaphragm contracts and moves down, increasing the volume of the cavity meaning that the pressure decreases so air is drawn in
What happens in exhalation
Diaphragm relaxes and the chest moves up. There is a smaller volume and increased pressure so air moves out
What is the name of the serous membrane lining the lungs
Pleural sacs
The are the names of the 2 membranes which make up the serous membrane
Outer membrane is the parietal serosa and the inner membrane is the visceral serosa
What is found in between the serous membranes
A lubricating fluid which creates surface tension and reduces friction.
What is the advantage of surface tension in the serous membrane
Prevents the lungs collapsing due the the many elastic fibres trying to recoil and shrink
What can the pleural cavity fill with?
Air (pneumothorax), blood (haemothorax), pus (empyema) or water (pleural effusion)
What is Boyles law?
When the volume of a contains increases the pressure will decrease
What is LaPlaces law?
Air will move from an area of lower pressure than higher pressure e.g air moves from a smaller lung into a larger lung as there is a smaller pressure in the larger lung
Why is the pressure in the intrapleural space negative
The recoiling of the lungs separates the membranes so that there is a large volume and so lower pressure
How do you drain fluid in the pleural cavity
Inserting a needle into an intercostal space
What is a pancoast tumour?
Tumour in the apex of the lung
What an pancoast tumour impinge on?
Brachialis plexus causing wasting of the lower arm
What is horners syndrome?
Syndrome caused by an pancoast tumour impinging in the sympathetic trunk.
What are the symptoms of horners syndrome?
Constricted pupil, droopy upper eyelid
Where is pseudostratified Epithelium found in the respiratory system?
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi and secondary bronchi
Where is simple columnar epithelium found in the digestive system
Bronchiole and terminal bronchioles
Where are simple cuboidal epithelial found in the respiratory system?
Respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts
Where is simple squamous epithelium found int he respiratory system
Alveoli
What 2 regions are found in the nasal cavity?
Non olfactory and olfactory regions
What is found in the olfactory regions of the nasal cavity
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium, with no goblet cells and non-motile cilia
What is the role of the olfactory region?
Detect odours
What is the role of the vocal cords in the larynx
Stop foreign objects reaching the lungs and contribute to the resonance of the voice
Which is anterior the oesophagus of the trachea?
Trachea
