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Phase 1 - S1 Body Logistics > Session 11 - Endocrine System > Flashcards

Session 11 - Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the parasympathetic system

A

Rest and digest

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2
Q

What are the effects of the parasympathetic system

A

Constricted pupils, salvia, slower heart beat, constrict airways, stimulate stomach activity, inhibit glucose release

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3
Q

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Fight or flight

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4
Q

What are the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Dilate pupils, inhibit saliva, increase heart rate. Relax airways. Inhibit digestion, secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline, release glucose

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5
Q

What is neurocrine communication

A

When nerve cells secrete hormones directly into the blood

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6
Q

Where does neurocrine secretion occur in th body

A

Anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary and adrenal medulla

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7
Q

What are the 9 endocrine glands

A

Pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, gonads, hypothalamus, pituitary, thymus, pancreas

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8
Q

What is the role of the thymus

A

Produces thymosin that promotes T cell maturation during thymic cell education

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9
Q

Where is the thymus located

A

Superior mediastinum

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10
Q

What hormones are released from the hypothalamus to travel to the posterior pituitary

A

ADH and oxytocin

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11
Q

How many hormones travel via the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system to the anterior pituitary

A

6

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12
Q

Name 2 gland which are involved in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

A

Thyroid and adrenal

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13
Q

For control of the thyroid gland what hormone is secreted by neurones in the hypothalamus

A

Thyroid releasing hormone

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14
Q

TSH causes the release of which hormone in the anterior pituitary gland

A

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

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15
Q

What does the adrenal cortex release

A

Cortical hormones:

  1. Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
  2. Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
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16
Q

What do cortical hormones cause

A

Increase in blood pressure and increase in glucose in the blood stream

17
Q

What hormone is released by neurones from the hypothalamus to control the adrenal cortex

A

Corticotopin releasing hormone

18
Q

What is released from the anterior pituitary gland in response to CRH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

19
Q

What does ACTH cause

A

The release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex

20
Q

How is the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system control of the adrenal cortex and thyroid gland involved in negative feedback

A

The hormones released from either the thyroid or adrenal cortex inhibit the release of hormones in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

21
Q

What is the adrenal medulla composed of

A

Chromaffin cells (modified neurones)

22
Q

What do chromaffin cells secrete

A

Catecholamines

23
Q

What is the role of the pineal gland

A

Produces melatonin which controls your bloody clock, inhibit release of gonadotrophins

24
Q

What happens to the pineal gland with age

A

It calcifies

25
Q

Why can the adrenal medulla be considered in neurocrine secretion

A

The nerve cells composing the adrenal medulla secrete hormones into the blood

26
Q

What is the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline

A

Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, conversion of glycogen to glucose, dilation of bronchioles and increased metabolic rate

27
Q

What do mineralocorticoids do

A

Retain dosing and water in the kidneys, increasing blood volume and pressure

28
Q

What do glucocorticoids do

A

Increase blood sugar level

29
Q

What is the stress response

A

A state of real of perceived threat to homeostasis

30
Q

What does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system do

A

increases blood pressure and volume

31
Q

Where is angiotensinogen produced

A

Liver

32
Q

What converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I

A

Renin

33
Q

What converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

34
Q

What does angiotensin II do

A

Causes ADH secretion, vasoconstriction and causes the release of aldosterone from the adrenal gland

35
Q

Where is renin secreted

A

Kidneys

36
Q

What does aldosterone do

A

Causes the retention of salt and water in the kidneys

Phase 1 - S1 Body Logistics (19 decks)

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