Session 11 - Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the parasympathetic system

A

Rest and digest

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2
Q

What are the effects of the parasympathetic system

A

Constricted pupils, salvia, slower heart beat, constrict airways, stimulate stomach activity, inhibit glucose release

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3
Q

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Fight or flight

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4
Q

What are the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Dilate pupils, inhibit saliva, increase heart rate. Relax airways. Inhibit digestion, secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline, release glucose

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5
Q

What is neurocrine communication

A

When nerve cells secrete hormones directly into the blood

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6
Q

Where does neurocrine secretion occur in th body

A

Anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary and adrenal medulla

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7
Q

What are the 9 endocrine glands

A

Pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, gonads, hypothalamus, pituitary, thymus, pancreas

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8
Q

What is the role of the thymus

A

Produces thymosin that promotes T cell maturation during thymic cell education

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9
Q

Where is the thymus located

A

Superior mediastinum

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10
Q

What hormones are released from the hypothalamus to travel to the posterior pituitary

A

ADH and oxytocin

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11
Q

How many hormones travel via the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system to the anterior pituitary

A

6

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12
Q

Name 2 gland which are involved in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

A

Thyroid and adrenal

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13
Q

For control of the thyroid gland what hormone is secreted by neurones in the hypothalamus

A

Thyroid releasing hormone

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14
Q

TSH causes the release of which hormone in the anterior pituitary gland

A

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

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15
Q

What does the adrenal cortex release

A

Cortical hormones:

  1. Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
  2. Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
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16
Q

What do cortical hormones cause

A

Increase in blood pressure and increase in glucose in the blood stream

17
Q

What hormone is released by neurones from the hypothalamus to control the adrenal cortex

A

Corticotopin releasing hormone

18
Q

What is released from the anterior pituitary gland in response to CRH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

19
Q

What does ACTH cause

A

The release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex

20
Q

How is the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system control of the adrenal cortex and thyroid gland involved in negative feedback

A

The hormones released from either the thyroid or adrenal cortex inhibit the release of hormones in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

21
Q

What is the adrenal medulla composed of

A

Chromaffin cells (modified neurones)

22
Q

What do chromaffin cells secrete

A

Catecholamines

23
Q

What is the role of the pineal gland

A

Produces melatonin which controls your bloody clock, inhibit release of gonadotrophins

24
Q

What happens to the pineal gland with age

A

It calcifies

25
Why can the adrenal medulla be considered in neurocrine secretion
The nerve cells composing the adrenal medulla secrete hormones into the blood
26
What is the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline
Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, conversion of glycogen to glucose, dilation of bronchioles and increased metabolic rate
27
What do mineralocorticoids do
Retain dosing and water in the kidneys, increasing blood volume and pressure
28
What do glucocorticoids do
Increase blood sugar level
29
What is the stress response
A state of real of perceived threat to homeostasis
30
What does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system do
increases blood pressure and volume
31
Where is angiotensinogen produced
Liver
32
What converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I
Renin
33
What converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
34
What does angiotensin II do
Causes ADH secretion, vasoconstriction and causes the release of aldosterone from the adrenal gland
35
Where is renin secreted
Kidneys
36
What does aldosterone do
Causes the retention of salt and water in the kidneys