Session 4

Question 1

What is the vermis responsible for

Answer 1

balance and coordination

Question 2

What connects the third and fourth ventricles

Answer 2

the cerebral aqueduct

Question 3

Describe the cortiopontocerebellar tract

Answer 3

• Information from the primary motor cortex of the motor plan via the middle cereberal peduncle

Question 4

Describe the vestibulocerebellar tract

Answer 4

• vestibular impulses from labrynths, directly via the vestibular nucleus through the inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 5

Describe the spinocerebellar tract

Answer 5

• proprioceptive information from muscles to cerebellum
• dorsal via the inferior cerebellar peduncle
• ventral via the superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 6

What are the four lobes of the cerebellum

Answer 6

anterior
posterior
flocculonodular
middle

Question 7

What are the fissures of the cerebellum

Answer 7

horizontal (runs around lateral margins)

primary (separates anterior and posterior lobe)

Question 8

Dentate nucleus

Answer 8

• Largest and most lateral of the deep cerebellar nuclei
• Zig-zag oval mass with its major fibre bundles passing into the superior cerebellar peduncle
• important for planning, initiation and control of movement
• Efferents from the lateral cerebellar hemispheres output via this nucleus

Question 9

What are the three main functions of the cerebellum

Answer 9

• Motor planning (cerebrocerebellum)
• Motor execution (spinocerebellum)
• Balance and eye movement (vestibulocerebellum)

Question 10

Rhomboid fossa

Answer 10

• diamond shaped floor of 4th ventricle

Question 11

• gracile tubercles

- cuneate tubercles

Answer 11

• dorsal column nuclei (from lower limbs)

- dorsal column nuclei (from upper limbs)

Question 12

medullary straie

Answer 12

abberrant ponto-cerebellar fibres passing from pons to cerebellum

Question 13

Locus coeruleus

Answer 13

bluish-grey pigmented nor-adrenergic neurons under the ependyma at the rostral half of the sulcus limitans

responsible for the stress response and arousal

Question 14

Obex

Answer 14

inferior apex of rhomboid fossa enters spinal cord and narrows

Question 15

area postrema

Answer 15

• small tongue-shaped area immediately rostrolateral to obex
• nausea control (chemoreceptive trigger, zone for emetic response)

Question 16

Thalamus

Answer 16

• dorsal diencephalon
• major subcortical relay for info ascending to the cerebral cortex
• afferent info may be modified by substantial descending projections to the thalamus from all parts of the cortex

Question 17

Interthalamic adhesion

Answer 17

a grey stalk joining the thalami of each hemisphere

Question 18

Medial geniculate body

Answer 18

relays auditory info from midbrain to auditory cortex and passes some fibres via the inferior brachium to inferior colliculi

Question 19

Lateral geniculate body

Answer 19

relays visual information from the optic nerve to visual cortex via optic radiation and superior colliculi via the superior brachium - for pupillary reflexes

Question 20

What is the hypothalamus responsible for

Answer 20

body homeostasis and control of autonomic nervous and neuroendocrine systems

Question 21

subthalamus

Answer 21

ventral diencephalon below thalamus

functionally closely related to basal ganglia

Question 22

What is responsible for the flow of CSF from the lateral ventricle to the third ventricle

Answer 22

intraventricular foramen/foramen of monro

Question 23

What allows the CSF to flow from the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space

Answer 23

foramen of magendi and foramen of lushka

Question 24

Corpus callosum

Answer 24

• carries comissure fibres which connect hemispheres
• essential for communication between hemispheres
• if divided, hemispheres behave autonomously

Question 25

lamina terminalis

Answer 25

Thin sheet of ependyma and pia which extends downwards form rostrum of callosum and fornix to anterior wall of third ventricle If it wasn't here the the third ventricle would drain into the subrachnoid space

Question 26

Anterior commisure

Answer 26

white matter crossing midline horizontally between lamina terminalis and fornix, connects temporal lobes and olfactory structures on each side

Question 27

Where does the output of the dentate nucleus pass to

Answer 27

To the superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 28

What is the input to the flocculonodular lobe

Answer 28

Vestibular inputs from the labrynthns of the ear and vestibular nuclei via the inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 29

What is the major outputs from the flocculonodular lobe

Answer 29

Vestibular nuclei

Question 30

What is the vestibulocerebellum important for

Answer 30

balance and eye movements

Question 31

What makes up the spinocerebellum

Answer 31

Vermis and paravermis

Question 32

What is the input to the spinocerebellum

Answer 32

sensory input about balance and position sense from the spinocerebellar tracts

Question 33

What is the output from the spinocerebellum

Answer 33

Deep cerebellar nuclei to the lateral and descending motor pathways via the fastigal and interposed nuclei

Question 34

What is the spinocerebellum responsible for

Answer 34

Voluntary movement and postural control - motor execution

Question 35

What is the input to the cerebrocerellum (lateral hemispheres)

Answer 35

Corticopontine inputs via the middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 36

What is the output from the cerebrocerebellum

Answer 36

Dentate nucleus to motor cortex via red nucleus and thalamus (rubrothalamic tract)

Question 37

What is the role of the cerebrocerebellum

Answer 37

Motor planning

Question 38

Median sulcus

Answer 38

divides the rhomboid fossa into left and right

Question 39

Facial colliculi

Answer 39

Where the axons from the facial nerve pass over the abducens nerve nucleus and form the facial colliculus

Question 40

Role of the hypothalamus

Answer 40

integral to the endocrine system (connected to pituitary) embody homeostasis

Question 41

Pineal gland

Answer 41

produces melatonin - regulates circadian rhythms

Question 42

Subthalamic nuclei

Answer 42

Inputs from substantia nigra Control of movement

Question 43

What is the extension of the genu

Answer 43

the rostrum

Question 44

What does the lamina terminalis extend down into

Answer 44

the optic chiasum

Question 45

What does the paracentral nodule contain

Answer 45

representations of the lower limbs | pre and post central gyrus

Question 46

What lies in the walls of the calcarine sulcus

Answer 46

the primary visual cortex

Question 47

Straie of gennari

Answer 47

Band of myelinated axons from thalamus projecting to layer four of the visual cortex