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Neuroanatomy > Session 4 > Flashcards

Session 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the vermis responsible for

A

balance and coordination

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2
Q

What connects the third and fourth ventricles

A

the cerebral aqueduct

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3
Q

Describe the cortiopontocerebellar tract

A
  • Information from the primary motor cortex of the motor plan via the middle cereberal peduncle
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4
Q

Describe the vestibulocerebellar tract

A
  • vestibular impulses from labrynths, directly via the vestibular nucleus through the inferior cerebellar peduncle
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5
Q

Describe the spinocerebellar tract

A
  • proprioceptive information from muscles to cerebellum
  • dorsal via the inferior cerebellar peduncle
  • ventral via the superior cerebellar peduncle
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6
Q

What are the four lobes of the cerebellum

A

anterior
posterior
flocculonodular
middle

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7
Q

What are the fissures of the cerebellum

A

horizontal (runs around lateral margins)

primary (separates anterior and posterior lobe)

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8
Q

Dentate nucleus

A
  • Largest and most lateral of the deep cerebellar nuclei
  • Zig-zag oval mass with its major fibre bundles passing into the superior cerebellar peduncle
  • important for planning, initiation and control of movement
  • Efferents from the lateral cerebellar hemispheres output via this nucleus
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9
Q

What are the three main functions of the cerebellum

A
  • Motor planning (cerebrocerebellum)
  • Motor execution (spinocerebellum)
  • Balance and eye movement (vestibulocerebellum)
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10
Q

Rhomboid fossa

A
  • diamond shaped floor of 4th ventricle
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11
Q
  • gracile tubercles

- cuneate tubercles

A
  • dorsal column nuclei (from lower limbs)

- dorsal column nuclei (from upper limbs)

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12
Q

medullary straie

A

abberrant ponto-cerebellar fibres passing from pons to cerebellum

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13
Q

Locus coeruleus

A

bluish-grey pigmented nor-adrenergic neurons under the ependyma at the rostral half of the sulcus limitans

responsible for the stress response and arousal

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14
Q

Obex

A

inferior apex of rhomboid fossa enters spinal cord and narrows

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15
Q

area postrema

A
  • small tongue-shaped area immediately rostrolateral to obex
  • nausea control (chemoreceptive trigger, zone for emetic response)
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16
Q

Thalamus

A
  • dorsal diencephalon
  • major subcortical relay for info ascending to the cerebral cortex
  • afferent info may be modified by substantial descending projections to the thalamus from all parts of the cortex
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17
Q

Interthalamic adhesion

A

a grey stalk joining the thalami of each hemisphere

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18
Q

Medial geniculate body

A

relays auditory info from midbrain to auditory cortex and passes some fibres via the inferior brachium to inferior colliculi

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19
Q

Lateral geniculate body

A

relays visual information from the optic nerve to visual cortex via optic radiation and superior colliculi via the superior brachium - for pupillary reflexes

20
Q

What is the hypothalamus responsible for

A

body homeostasis and control of autonomic nervous and neuroendocrine systems

21
Q

subthalamus

A

ventral diencephalon below thalamus

functionally closely related to basal ganglia

22
Q

What is responsible for the flow of CSF from the lateral ventricle to the third ventricle

A

intraventricular foramen/foramen of monro

23
Q

What allows the CSF to flow from the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space

A

foramen of magendi and foramen of lushka

24
Q

Corpus callosum

A
  • carries comissure fibres which connect hemispheres
  • essential for communication between hemispheres
  • if divided, hemispheres behave autonomously
25
Q

lamina terminalis

A

Thin sheet of ependyma and pia which extends downwards form rostrum of callosum and fornix to anterior wall of third ventricle

If it wasn’t here the the third ventricle would drain into the subrachnoid space

26
Q

Anterior commisure

A

white matter crossing midline horizontally between lamina terminalis and fornix, connects temporal lobes and olfactory structures on each side

27
Q

Where does the output of the dentate nucleus pass to

A

To the superior cerebellar peduncle

28
Q

What is the input to the flocculonodular lobe

A

Vestibular inputs from the labrynthns of the ear and vestibular nuclei via the inferior cerebellar peduncle

29
Q

What is the major outputs from the flocculonodular lobe

A

Vestibular nuclei

30
Q

What is the vestibulocerebellum important for

A

balance and eye movements

31
Q

What makes up the spinocerebellum

A

Vermis and paravermis

32
Q

What is the input to the spinocerebellum

A

sensory input about balance and position sense from the spinocerebellar tracts

33
Q

What is the output from the spinocerebellum

A

Deep cerebellar nuclei to the lateral and descending motor pathways via the fastigal and interposed nuclei

34
Q

What is the spinocerebellum responsible for

A

Voluntary movement and postural control - motor execution

35
Q

What is the input to the cerebrocerellum (lateral hemispheres)

A

Corticopontine inputs via the middle cerebellar peduncle

36
Q

What is the output from the cerebrocerebellum

A

Dentate nucleus to motor cortex via red nucleus and thalamus (rubrothalamic tract)

37
Q

What is the role of the cerebrocerebellum

A

Motor planning

38
Q

Median sulcus

A

divides the rhomboid fossa into left and right

39
Q

Facial colliculi

A

Where the axons from the facial nerve pass over the abducens nerve nucleus and form the facial colliculus

40
Q

Role of the hypothalamus

A

integral to the endocrine system (connected to pituitary)

embody homeostasis

41
Q

Pineal gland

A

produces melatonin - regulates circadian rhythms

42
Q

Subthalamic nuclei

A

Inputs from substantia nigra

Control of movement

43
Q

What is the extension of the genu

A

the rostrum

44
Q

What does the lamina terminalis extend down into

A

the optic chiasum

45
Q

What does the paracentral nodule contain

A

representations of the lower limbs

pre and post central gyrus

46
Q

What lies in the walls of the calcarine sulcus

A

the primary visual cortex

47
Q

Straie of gennari

A

Band of myelinated axons from thalamus projecting to layer four of the visual cortex

Neuroanatomy (9 decks)

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