Session 2 Flashcards
What 3 cranial fossa is the cranium split into
Anterior - frontal lobe
Middle - temporal lobe
Posterior - cerebellum
What does the frontal bone form
The roof of the orbit and the forehead
What bone makes up the edge of the anterior cranial fossa
lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
What is the anterior cranial fossa formed by
- The orbital plates of the frontal bone
- The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone (crista galli)
- The lesser wing of sphenoid bone
What is the middle cranial fossa formed by
- The body and greater wing of the sphenoid bone
- Squamous and petrous parts of the temporal bone
- part of the parietal bone
Where does the pituitary gland sit
In the hypophyseal fossa, the most inferior part of the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
Which foramina does the middle cranial fossa contain
- superior orbital fissure
- optic canal
- foramen rotundum
- foramen ovale
- foramen lacerum
- foramen spinosum
what lies within the posterior cranial fossa
- pons
- medulla
- cerebellum
What is Meckel’s cave
The area where the three ganglia that make up the trigeminal nerve sit
What is the path of the internal carotid cavity
Into the carotid canal, travels in the petrous portion of the temporal bone and passes upwards into the cranium through the foramen lacerum
Which artery exits through the foramen spinosum
Middle meningeal artery - supplies the skull and the dura
What attaches to the inferior ridge of the petrous part of the temporal bone
tentorium cerebelli
What goes through the foramen magnum
- medulla (to become spinal cord)
- two vertebral arteries (branches of the subclavian artery)
- spinal accessory nerve
Which vein passes through the jugular foramina
The sigmoid sinus to become the internal jugular vein
Where does the facial nerve exit the skull to supply the muscles of facial expression
stilo mastoid foramina
How does the cavernous sinus drain blood out through the jugular foramina
Down the inferior petrosal sinus
Which sinus runs along the petrous part of the temporal bone
Superior petrosal sinus
What is a diplo vessel in the base of the skull
anastemosis between the venous drainage from the internal veins and the veins on the outside of the skull (between internal and external jugular territories)
How does an infection sometimes spread extracranially to intracranially
Through the diplo blood vessels
Which artery passes through the:
- optic canal
- superior orbital fissure
- internal acoustic meatus
- opthalmic artery
- superior opthalmic vein
- labrynthine artery
What is jugular foramen syndrome
- compression of multiple lower cranial nerves (IX, X, XI)
- causes dysphonia, loss of gag reflex, unilateral wasting of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle
What do diseases within the internal acoustic meatus cause
pulsitile tinitus (hear own heart beat, due to pulsating artery pressing against cochlear component of vestibular cochlea nerve)
What is foramen magnum syndrome
- compression of the spinal cord, lower brain stem or cerebellum
- symptoms: pain in head, neck, limbs trunk made worse by straining, cerebellar symptoms e.g. vertigo
- signs: decerebrate posture, cardiorespiritory failure, pyramidal signs and death
what is arnold- chiari malformation
- Congenital malformation involving displacement of the cerebellar tonsils down through the foramen magnum.
- Sometimes blocks CSF flow causing hydrocephalus.
- Symptoms can include headaches, fatigue, muscle weakness in the head and face, difficulty swallowing, dizziness, nausea, impaired coordination.
- Patients may also develop syringomyelia (cyst in the spinal cord).
