Session 3 Lecture 1: Health Inequalities Flashcards
What are the 4 explanations for health inequalities that make up the Black report?
Artefact
Materialist
Behavioural-cultural
Social selection
What is the Artefact explanation?
Health inequalities are evident due to the way stats are collected
What is the Social selection explanation?
The direction of causation is from health to social position
- sick individuals move down the social hierarchy while healthy individuals move up
What is the Behavioural-cultural explanation?
ill-health is due to people choices/decisions, knowledge and goals
What is the materialist explanation?
Inequalities in health arise from differential access to material resources
What is the psychosocial explanation(s)?
health is influenced more by differences in income than actual income
What is the income distribution theory?
- relative(not average) income affects health
- countries with greater income inequalities have greater health inequalities
- it’s not the richest but the most egalitarian societies that have the best health
Income distribution theory
Why is it that the larger the income gaps within a country, the worse the country performs in these health and social problems?
- increased income inequality
- increased social evaluative threat
- increased stress
- decreased health
What are the 4 categories Whitehead believes if an action was taken that it will reduce inequalities?
- Strengthening individuals
- Strengthening communities
- Improving living and working conditions
- Promoting healthy macro-policies
What is the difference between inequality and inequity?
inequality - when things are different (not equal)
inequity - inequalities that are unfair and avoidable
Inequities in Access to Health care
Which services do more deprived groups seem to have higher rates of use of?
GP services
Emergency services
Inequities in Access to health care
Which services do more deprived groups seem to have an under-use of?
Preventive services
Specialist services
Name the 5 factors associated with inequalities in health
Ethnicity Gender Age Disability Homelessness
