Session 2- The Microbiome and Innate Immunity Flashcards
patient
age, gender, social status, health status, time of year, home, recent travel
pathogen
virus, bacteria, fungus parasite
management
history examination investigations treatment
physical barriers
skin mucous membranes and bronchial cilia
physiological barriers
diarrhoea, vomiting, coughing sneezing
chemical barriers
low pH
antimicrobial molecules- IgA, lysozyme, mucus, beta-defensins and gastric acid
biological barriers
normal flora in strategic locations
phagocytes
macrophages, monocytes,neutrophils, basophils (mast cells), eosinphils, NK cells and dendritic cells
PAMPs
pathogen associated molecular patterns
PRRs
pathogen recognition receptors
opsonins
proteins that bind to and coat the surface of the microbe
produced by various components of the immune system- complement proteins and acute phase proteins
what happens once a phagocyte recognises a PAMP
it makes a PRR to PAMP interaction and opsonin to opsonin receptor interaction
it can now destroy the microbe by a process of engulfment and digestion of the microbe.
what ways can a phagocyte destroy the microbe
oxygen dependant pathway- free radicals
oxygen independent pathway- enzymatic digestion
C3a and C5a
responsible for recruitment of phagocytes
C3b and C4b
opsonisation of pathogens
C5 - C9
killing of pathogens
what are the 2 ways complement proteins can be activated
alternative pathway- initiated by cells surface components
MBL- inititated when MBL binds to mannose sugar components of proteins on microbes
what is cellulitis
severe inflammation of dermal and subcutaneous layers of the skin
anaerobic- skin necrosis and foul smelling wound
necrotizing fasciitis- life threatening infection of skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle layers of fascia.
what causes cellulitis
group A strep
staph aureus
haemophillus influenza type B
what causes candidiasis
caused by the yeast Candida albicans
what is candida
white plaques that can become confluent and ulcerated and spread to the throat
how do you treat oral and vaginal candida
nysatin or clotrimazole
how do you treat cellulitis
Flucloxacillin
