Session 2- Functional Anatomy of the Resp system Flashcards
Extrapulmonary components of the resp system
Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Primary bronchi Secondary bronchi Bronchioles Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory portion of lungs
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveoli
What type of epithelium is present from the nasal cavity to the largest bronchioles
Psedostratified ciliated epithelium with goblet cells
What type of epithelia is present in he respiratory bronchioles
Simple columnar epithelium with cilia and club cells but no goblet cels
What cells are present in alveoli
Simple squamous type 1 and type 2 cells
What do secretion from the epithelium and submucosal glands contain
Mucins Water Serum proteins Lysozymes Antiproteases Lymphocytes
What is teh difference between a bronchus and bronchiole
Bronchus- small islands of cartilage and glands in submucosa
Bronchiole- no cartilage of glands
Bronchioles and asthma
Bronchoconstriction can become excessive in asthma and cause more difficulty with expiration than inspiration
What cells are i the alveolus
Type 2 alveolar cells- secrete surfactant
Type 1 alveolar cells- permits gas exchange
Macrohapbses
Erythrocytes
What is emphysema
Destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of air spaces which can result from smoking or alpha1 anti trypsin deficiency
This causes bronchioles to collapse making it difficult for the lungs to empty
Pneumonia
Inflammation of the lung caused by bacteria
The lung consolidates as the alveoli fill with inflammatory cells
what is the sternal angle used to identify
2nd rib which is the first step in counting the ribs
at what level does the bifurcation of the trachea lie
sternal angle
what does rhe azygous vein drain into
SVC
at which level does the opening of the diaphragm for this structure lie
level of T10
