Session 2- Anatomy Flashcards
what is the larynx
Connects the pharynx and trachea and contains the voal cords
What is the glottis
Vocal cords ad the aperture
What supplies all intrinsic muscles
recurrent laryngeal nerve
What is the sternal angle
The junction of the sternal manubrium and body
What muscles are in each intercostal space
The external, internal and innermost intercostal muscles innervated by the intercostal nerves
The external intercostal muscles
The fibres of these run downstairs and anteriorly from the interior margin of the rib above to superior margin of the rub
Responsible for about 30% of chest expansion during during quiet respiration
Internal intercostal muscles
The fibres of these muscles run downwards and posteriorly from the rib above to rib below. Their action pulls the ribs down from the position of chest extension.
They are acute during forced expiration
Innermost intercostal muscles
Similar to the internal intercostal muscle but are less well enveloped. They act along with the internal intercostal muscles during forced expiration
What innervates the diaphragm
Phrenic nerve- C3 C4 C5
What happens when you damage the phrenic nerve
Paralysis of the affected side of the diaphragm and appears as an elevated hemi-diaphragm on. Chest x-ray
Where does the diaphragm have openings
IGNORE
IVC - T8
Oesophagus- T10
Aorta- T12
What is the space in which the peripheral gutter around the outer edge of the diaphragm into which only the parietal pleura extends
Costco-diaphragmatic recess
What is the pleural cavity
A potential space between th parietal and visceral pleura and contains a few ml of pleural fluid
What is the difference between the right and left main bronchus
The right o e is wider shorter and more vertical hence i haled foreign bodies are most lie,y to lodge in the right main bronchus
What is a bronchopulmonary segment
Area of lung supplied by a segmental bronchus and the accompanying segmental branch of the pulmonary artery. It is drained by a segmental pulmonary vein
How many loves does the left lung have
2 separated by an oblique fissure
How many loves does the right lung have
3 separated by oblique tissue and horizontal
Where does apex of the lung extend
Above the level of the 1st rib into the root the neck
Where does the base of the lung rest
Hemi-diaphragm
What is the left lung adjacent to
Heart Aortic arch Descending aorta Oesophagus Several nerves
What is the right lung adjacent to
SVC Azygous vein Right trium Oesophagus Right phrenic nerve Vagus Sympathetic trunk
Damage to left recurrent laryngeal nerv
Causes paralysis of intrinsic laryngeal muscle on affected side - vocal cord paralysis and hoarseness of voice
What blood supply does the lung have
Bronchial arteries and pulmonary arteries
What drains the lungs
Azygous vein into the SVC atrium
Lymphatic drainage of lungs
Drain to the hilar nodes also known as the bronchopulmonary nodes
Nerve supply of the lungs
vagus- parasympathetic, phrenic- motor and the sympathetic chain
Where do you need to insert teh needle to perform a pleural tap
In the upper border of the rib to avoid causing injury to the neurovascular binder that runs in the costal groove along the lower border of the rib
Where di you listen for the right lower lobe
Right posterior chest wall approximately below the scapula
How would you describe the position of the loves of the lungs
The inferior loves of the lids are mostly poster structures while superior loves are mostly anterior. This is created by the obliques fissure angling downwards
Where would you isyen for the middle lobe of the rigjt lung
Anterior inferior to teh nipple
Describe the course of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Descends into the thorax winds around the arch of the aorta and travels back up to the larynx
Outline the normal cough reflex
Deep inspiration
Closure if glottis
String contraction of the expiratory muscles while glottis remains closed
Sudden opening of the glottis causes an explosive discharge of air
Explain the anatomical basis for the symptom of muscle wasting in the right arm for advanced lun cancer
The apex of the lung extends up to 2cm above the clavicle therefore carcinoma there would affect the brachial plexus which included T1 which supples the intrinsic muscles of teh hand
