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Respiratory > Session 2- Anatomy > Flashcards

Session 2- Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the larynx

A

Connects the pharynx and trachea and contains the voal cords

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2
Q

What is the glottis

A

Vocal cords ad the aperture

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3
Q

What supplies all intrinsic muscles

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

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4
Q

What is the sternal angle

A

The junction of the sternal manubrium and body

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5
Q

What muscles are in each intercostal space

A

The external, internal and innermost intercostal muscles innervated by the intercostal nerves

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6
Q

The external intercostal muscles

A

The fibres of these run downstairs and anteriorly from the interior margin of the rib above to superior margin of the rub

Responsible for about 30% of chest expansion during during quiet respiration

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7
Q

Internal intercostal muscles

A

The fibres of these muscles run downwards and posteriorly from the rib above to rib below. Their action pulls the ribs down from the position of chest extension.

They are acute during forced expiration

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8
Q

Innermost intercostal muscles

A

Similar to the internal intercostal muscle but are less well enveloped. They act along with the internal intercostal muscles during forced expiration

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9
Q

What innervates the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve- C3 C4 C5

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10
Q

What happens when you damage the phrenic nerve

A

Paralysis of the affected side of the diaphragm and appears as an elevated hemi-diaphragm on. Chest x-ray

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11
Q

Where does the diaphragm have openings

IGNORE

A

IVC - T8
Oesophagus- T10
Aorta- T12

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12
Q

What is the space in which the peripheral gutter around the outer edge of the diaphragm into which only the parietal pleura extends

A

Costco-diaphragmatic recess

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13
Q

What is the pleural cavity

A

A potential space between th parietal and visceral pleura and contains a few ml of pleural fluid

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14
Q

What is the difference between the right and left main bronchus

A

The right o e is wider shorter and more vertical hence i haled foreign bodies are most lie,y to lodge in the right main bronchus

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15
Q

What is a bronchopulmonary segment

A

Area of lung supplied by a segmental bronchus and the accompanying segmental branch of the pulmonary artery. It is drained by a segmental pulmonary vein

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16
Q

How many loves does the left lung have

A

2 separated by an oblique fissure

17
Q

How many loves does the right lung have

A

3 separated by oblique tissue and horizontal

18
Q

Where does apex of the lung extend

A

Above the level of the 1st rib into the root the neck

19
Q

Where does the base of the lung rest

A

Hemi-diaphragm

20
Q

What is the left lung adjacent to

A 
Heart 
Aortic arch 
Descending aorta 
Oesophagus 
Several nerves
21
Q

What is the right lung adjacent to

A 
SVC 
Azygous vein
Right trium 
Oesophagus 
Right phrenic nerve 
Vagus 
Sympathetic trunk
22
Q

Damage to left recurrent laryngeal nerv

A

Causes paralysis of intrinsic laryngeal muscle on affected side - vocal cord paralysis and hoarseness of voice

23
Q

What blood supply does the lung have

A

Bronchial arteries and pulmonary arteries

24
Q

What drains the lungs

A

Azygous vein into the SVC atrium

25
Q

Lymphatic drainage of lungs

A

Drain to the hilar nodes also known as the bronchopulmonary nodes

26
Q

Nerve supply of the lungs

A

vagus- parasympathetic, phrenic- motor and the sympathetic chain

27
Q

Where do you need to insert teh needle to perform a pleural tap

A

In the upper border of the rib to avoid causing injury to the neurovascular binder that runs in the costal groove along the lower border of the rib

28
Q

Where di you listen for the right lower lobe

A

Right posterior chest wall approximately below the scapula

29
Q

How would you describe the position of the loves of the lungs

A

The inferior loves of the lids are mostly poster structures while superior loves are mostly anterior. This is created by the obliques fissure angling downwards

30
Q

Where would you isyen for the middle lobe of the rigjt lung

A

Anterior inferior to teh nipple

31
Q

Describe the course of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

Descends into the thorax winds around the arch of the aorta and travels back up to the larynx

32
Q

Outline the normal cough reflex

A

Deep inspiration

Closure if glottis

String contraction of the expiratory muscles while glottis remains closed

Sudden opening of the glottis causes an explosive discharge of air

33
Q

Explain the anatomical basis for the symptom of muscle wasting in the right arm for advanced lun cancer

A

The apex of the lung extends up to 2cm above the clavicle therefore carcinoma there would affect the brachial plexus which included T1 which supples the intrinsic muscles of teh hand

Respiratory (21 decks)

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