Session 11- Lung Cancer Flashcards
what is the most common cause of lung cancers
smoking
how is tissue obtained for diagnostic purposes
bronchoscopy and needle biopsy of the lung or pleurs
what is staging
imaging investigations of various types are central to both the diagnosis and the assessment of the extent of the disease
how can lung cancer be divided broadly
non small cell lung cancer
small cell lung cancer
what is the most common type of lung cancer
non small cell lung cancer
what is the most common subtype of NSCLC
adenocarcinomas
what is the standard of care for patients with NSCLC
surgical resectin
what is small cell lung cancer characterised by
rapid growth
tendancy to metastisize
poor survival rate
clinical features of small cell lung cancer
cough haemoptysis recurrent lung infections wheeze hoarse voice brachial plexus nerve or sympathetic nerve chain compression dyspnoea superior vena cava obstruction paraneoplastic syndromes humoural hypercalcaemia
what are the effects of superior vena cava obstruction
dyspnoea difficulty swallowing stridor swollen face plethora neck venous congestion dilated veins
what are paraneoplastoc syndromes
a group of clinical disorders that are associated with malignant diseases and are not directly related to the physical effects of the primary or metastatic tumours
what are the 2 most common lung-associated paraneoplastic syndromes
humoural hypercalcaemia- sqamous cell carcinoma
SiADH- small cell lung cancer
what causes humoural hypercalcaemia
PTHrp secreted from tumour- most common
ectopic parathyroid hormone production
what are paraneoplastic neurologocal syndromes
these occur becuase the body makes antibodies to the tumour but these antobodies attck other organs
