Session 11- Clinical signs and symptoms of resp disease Flashcards
key signs and symptoms of resp disease
cough dyspnoea wheeze sputum haemotysis
what is dyspnoea
subjective awareness of increased effort of breathing
symptom rather than a sign
what is cardiac pain
vague crushing central pain that radiates to the shoulder tips
what is pleuritic pain
thoracic wall or shoulder tip
sharp well localised
worse woth coughing and breathing in
how does a cough occur
adduction of VCs with contraction of internal intercostals and abdominal muscles increasing intrathoracic pressure followed by abduction of VCs
what is the sputum like in chronic bronchitis and COPD
clear
what is the sputum like in infection
yellow green - neutrophils
what is the sputum like in bronchiectatsis
large volumes - yellow green
what is a wheeze
abnormal breath sound indicating narrowing within the airway causing turbulent air flow that is high pitched and muscial
- mostly on expiration
- narrowing in intrahoracic airways
- narrowing excacerbated during expiration
- may be only audible with stethoscope
what is stridor
abnormal breath sound indicating narrowing within the airway causing turbulent air flow that is high pitch constant and loud
mostly on INSPIRATION
indicated extrathoracic airway narrowing
-supraglottis, glottis, infraglottis or trachea
audible without stethoscope
when is pursed lip breathing commonly seen
COPD
Why do patients breath with pursed lips
increases resistance to outflow on expiration
maintains intrathoracic airway pressures allowing for small airways to remain open for longer
-this prolongs the peripd for gas exchange to occur and to allow more air to empty
why does barrel chest occur
air trapping over time- chronic over-inflation of lungs
AP diameter> Lateral diameter
