Session 12 - Neoplasia III Flashcards
What is the TMN staging system?
T = Primary Tumour N = Regional Lymph Node involvement M = Metastasis
What does T1-T4 measure?
Increasing size in primary lesion, T1 - T4
What does N0 –> N3 measure?
No nodes –> Involvement of increasing no/range of nodes
What are M0 and M1?
M0 = No distant metastasis M1 = presence of blood born metastases
How is increasing size in tumour measured?
T1 - T4
What is used to measure involvement of increase no/range of nodes?
N0 –> N3
Give TNM staging of breast staging in terms of T?
TIS – Carcinoma in situ T1 - < 2cm T2 – 2-5cm T3 - > 5 cm T4 – Through the chest wall/skin
Give regional lymph node involvement of breast cancer staging?
N0 – No nodal
N1 – Axillary
N2 – Mammary
N3 - Supraclavicular
Give metastasis staging for breast cancer?
M0 – No metastasis
M1 – Presence of metastasis
What is DUkes staging for colorectal cancer divided into?
A, B, C1/C2
What is A in dukes staging for colorectal carcinoma?
Confined to bowel wall
Not extending through muscularis propria
>90% 5 year survival
What is B in dukes staging?
Through bowel wall (Muscularis propria)
70% 5 year survival
What is C1/C2 staging for colorectal cancer?
Lymph nodes involved
30% 5 year survival
C1 = Regional Lymph nodes involved
C2 = Apical node (furthest away node) involved
Give staging of hodkins disease?
I – One lymph node involved
II – Two lymph nodes on one side of the diaphragm
III - > Two lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm
IV – Multiple foci (Bloody everywhere)
Define grading
Based on the degree of differentiation of tumour cells. Attempts to judge the extent to which tumour cells resemble or fail to resemble their normal counterparts.