Serotonin Enhancers Flashcards
What amino acid is serotonin derived from?
tryptophan
Where does serotonin most commonly occur?
the upper brain stem
Identifying traits of iboga
woody shrub, periwinkle family, native to Africa, hallucinogen
What’s the active principle in iboga?
ibogaine, enhances psychic powers, increases inspiration and assists in contemplation
Which cult is iboga important to?
Bwiti
What active principle is being investigated for opiate addiction therapy?
ibogaine; reduces unpleasant symptoms of heroin withdrawal
Where are psilocybin mushrooms traditionally used?
Central America
What caused magic mushrooms to be denounced?
Spanish inquisition
Who published an article about magic mushrooms and was shown a sacred mushroom ceremony?
Wasson
What are the active principles in magic mushrooms?
psilocybin and psilocin, serotonin mimickers
What’s the active principles in virola snuff?
tryptamine alkaloids like dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and smaller amounts of beta-carboline alkaloids like harmine
What does the DMT-MAO inhibitor combination do?
enhances the hallucinogenic effect
What part of the yopo tree contains the highest concentration of hallucinogen?
the seeds
Who was the first European to witness the use of yopo snuff?
Baron von Humbolt
What did von Humbolt think contained the hallucinogenic material instead of the plant?
snail shells that were mixed with yopo
What does yopo contain that virola does not?
bufotenine
Identifying traits of cebil
native to South America, tree
Active principle of cebil snuff?
bufotenine
How do cebil hallucinations differ from virola or yopo?
hallucinations are typically in black and white, and imagery is abstract and worm like
With what drug does the collective unconsciousness become a reality?
ayahuasca
How long does ayahuasca beverage stay potent?
a month
What type of alkaloid is present in ayahuasca?
beta-carboline, includes harmine and hamaline
Identifying traits of morning glories
native to central and south america
Which morning glory plant produces angular seeds?
tlitliltzin
Which morning glory plant produces round seeds?
ololiuqui
Who suppressed the use of morning glories?
spaniards, like with mushrooms
What type of alkaloid was found in ololiuqui?
lysergic acid, same as fungal ergot
What are the fruiting bodies called that ergot creates?
schlerotia
What is ergot poisoning called?
St. Anthony’s fire
What was given to women during childbirth?
ergometrine, to induce labour
What was used to treat head pain and migraines?
ergotamine
Who investigated the pharmacology of ergot alkaloids?
Albert Hofmann
What did Albert Hofmann accidentally ingest?
LSD
What drug did the Harvard experiments consist of?
LSD
Who got fired from Harvard?
Alpert and Leary
Why and for how long was Leary arrested?
for possession of marijuana, for 30 years
Which plant is used in the object ritual, where women and children are said to reveal where they hid treasure in their former lives?
iboga
With which drug does the world appear to be turned upside down?
virola
Which of these is not a phase of ayahuasca experience?
Spiralling, voices, visual distortion, flying
voices
What was LSD used to treat?
schizophrenia
