serological diagnosis of viral infections

Question 1

also known as immunochromatographic assays; offers quick and simpler methods for detecting antibodies or antgens associated with certain microbial infections, as well as serologic biomarkers of diseases

Answer 1

membrane-based immunoassays

Question 2

two test formats of immunochromatography

Answer 2

lateral flow, reverse flow

Question 3

each test system utilizes devices such as __, __, or __

Answer 3

dipsticks, test strips, or plastic cassettes

Question 4

two major parts of plastic cassette

Answer 4

sample port, reaction port

Question 5

part of cassette where the unknown analyte in the sample is applied

Answer 5

sample port

Question 6

part of cassette where the colored complexes are visualized

Answer 6

reacion port

Question 7

porous membrane made of nitrocellulose, nylon, or teflon; contains antigen or antibody specific for the analyte

Answer 7

sample pad

Question 8

usually coupled o a colloidal metal particle

Answer 8

detector reagent

Question 9

where the detector reagent is impregnated

Answer 9

conjugate pad

Question 10

where the immobilized capture antigen/antibody is located; labeled as T

Answer 10

test area

Question 11

contains the anti-detector antibody that validates the results of the test; labeled as C

Answer 11

control area

Question 12

infectious particles composed of a singly type of nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat called capsid

Answer 12

virus

Question 13

viral disease caused by the dengue virus

Answer 13

dengue fever

Question 14

denge virus is an (dna/rna) virus belonging to the family __ and is transmitted by the bite of the female __ and __ mosquitoes

Answer 14

rna, flaviviridae, aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus mosquitoes

Question 15

early diagnosis can be done by the detection of the __ glycoprotein present in high concentrations in the early clinical phase of the disease

Answer 15

Denv NS1

Question 16

detection of dengue __ and __ antibodies can be performed for diagnosis

Answer 16

IgG and IgM

Question 17

the left side of the test device is intended to detect the

Answer 17

isotypes IgG and IgM of anti-dengue virus antibodies

Question 18

the right side of the test device is for detecting the circulating __

Answer 18

dengue ns1 antigen (denv1 to denv4) in human serum, plasma, or whole blood

Question 19

anticoagulant preferred

Answer 19

edta, citrate

Question 20

whole blood specimens not tested immediately can be stored at__ for __ days

Answer 20

2-8C, 3 days

Question 21

serum/plasma specimens not tested immediately can be stored at __ for no more than __ weeks

Answer 21

2-8C, 2 weeks

Answer 22

negative

Answer 23

positive

Answer 24

retest

Question 25

[manner of interpretation - dengue IgG/IgM]: line on C and M

Answer 25

IgM positive; primary dengue infection

Question 26

[manner of interpretation - dengue IgG/IgM]: line on C ang G

Answer 26

IgG positive; secondary or past infection

Question 27

[manner of interpretation - dengue IgG/IgM]: line on C, M, G

Answer 27

IgG and IgM positive; indicates late, primary, or early secondary dengue infection

Question 28

RNA retrovirus belonging to the family retroviridae

Answer 28

HIV

Question 29

RNA is a virus that attacks the immune system by destroying __ cells particularly the __ lymphocytes, leading to immune suppression and opportunistic infections

Answer 29

CD4+, T-helper

Question 30

screening tests for hiv infection usually include the detection of antibodies against __ and __ using enzyme immunoassays and immunochromatography

Answer 30

hiv1 and hiv2

Question 31

hiv1 capture antigens

Answer 31

gp41, p24

Question 32

hiv2 capture antigens

Answer 32

gp36

Question 33

confirmation of one's hiv status is usually performed by __

Answer 33

western blot

Question 34

interpret result within __ minutes

Answer 34

10-20 minutes

Question 35

[manner of interpretation - hiv1, hiv2]: line on c and 1

Answer 35

anti-hiv1 positive

Question 36

[manner of interpretation - hiv1, hiv2]: line on c and 2

Answer 36

anti-hiv2 positive

Question 37

[manner of interpretation - hiv1, hiv2]: line on c, 1 and 2

Answer 37

anti-hiv1 and anti-hiv2 positive

Question 38

infectious agent that primarily target the liver

Answer 38

hepatitis viruses

Question 39

in hepa b, presence of __ is used to indicate acute hbv infection and establish a carrier state

Answer 39

hbsag

Question 40

for hepatitis c, detection of __ is widely employed as a marker of hcv infection

Answer 40

anti-hcv

Question 41

one-step immunochromatography test assay for the qualitative detection of hepatitis b antigen in human serum or plasma

Answer 41

hbs rapid test strip