Septicemia Flashcards
Septicemia
presence of pathogens and toxins in blood
Bacteremia
presence of bacteria and toxins in the blood
sepsis
whole body inflammation caused by infection
SIRS Criteria
(any two)
- temp greater than100.4 or less than 95.0
- RR greater than 22 or PaCO2 less than 32
- HR greater than 90
- WBC greater than 12,000 or less than 4,000
SIRS
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
- a systemic inflammatory response
- typically an immune response to infection but not always
MEWS and PEWS
- modified early warning system
- pediatric early warning signs
- like SIRS criteria but may include more/fewer signs
Sepsis is the result of…
an infection
With sepsis, the infection is…
uncontrolled or spreads and releases bacteria or toxins into the blood
- this triggers the systemic inflammatory response
- sepsis is SIRS caused by an infection
Sepsis is ____ caused by an infection
SIRS
Cascade of Sepsis
- when inflammatory response becomes exaggerated, inflammation, and coagulation increase
- leads to microthrombi and obstruction of capillaries
- endothelial (vein/arterial wall) damage, vasodilation, and increased capillary permeability
Severe Sepsis
- if sepsis is not controlled it enters what we call severe sepsis
- this is sepsis with one organ system damaged or experiencing failure
DIC
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
- widespread activation of clotting which causes clots in small blood vessels
- leads to a drop in tissue perfusion which can lead to tissue and organ damage, failure
- sepsis is one of the leading causes of DIC
Even though DIC is characterized by excessive clotting in the intravascular space, the patient is actually at a very high risk for bleeding. Why do you think that is?
increased clotting depletes the platelets and clotting factors needed to control bleeding, causing excessive bleeding.
DIC Tx
- monior VS, clotting factors
- S/S of hemorrhage, bleeding
- Fix hypovolemia
- Possibly platelet transfusions
- possibly heparin, especially prophylactly when DIC is slowly evolving. Not when it is quick
What is shock?
-generally it is when there is insufficient blood flow to meets the body’s demands (lack of perfusion)