Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MS2 Exam 3 > Gallbladder diseases > Flashcards

Gallbladder diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Gallbladder

A
  • pear shaped muscular sac
  • stores bile from liver and concentrates it
  • essential for emulsification (breakdown) of fats
  • powerful antioxidant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bile

A
  • bitter, yellow fluid
  • bile salts
  • cholesterol
  • calcium
  • acids
  • produces gallstones
  • liver manufactures 1.1.5 quarts a day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

gallstone formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder of cystic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Obstruction

A

caused by gallstones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gallstones

A
  • solid crystalline precipitates
  • major component is cholesterol
  • some are from calcium salts
  • sand-like
  • usually form in gallbladder or bile duct
  • can cause life threatening infection of liver, bile duct and pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes gallstones?

A
  • stasis/stagnation of bile
  • incomplete emptying of the GB
  • pure cholesterol stones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Incomplete emptying of the GB

A
  • bile coagulates and clumps together

- imbalance of cholesterol and bile salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pure Cholesterol Stones

A
  • white diet: sugar, white bread, pasta, pastries
  • soda and lots of meat
  • not enough veges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder and/or cystic duct

acute versus chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Etiology of Cholecystitis

A
  • gallstones usually
  • bacterial infection
  • tumor of pancreas or liver
  • decreased blood supply to gallbladder
  • gallbladder sludge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Symptoms of Cholecystitis

A
  • may be asymptomatic
  • attack lasts 2-3 days
  • intense, sudden pain RUQ
  • pain, may radiate up to right shoulder
  • recurrent attacks several hours after meals
  • N/V/indigestion
  • rigid abdominal muscles or bloating
  • slight fever/chills/leukocytes
  • loose, light colored stools
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Complications of Cholecystitis

A
  • abscess
  • pancreatitis
  • biliary cirrhosis
  • fistulas
  • rupture of the gallbladder
  • inflammation of biliary ducts
  • bile peritonitis
  • empyema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gallstone formation

A
  • bile stagnation
  • solid crystalline
  • changes in chemical composition
  • decrease bile flow
  • immobility
  • pregnancy
  • inflammation
  • obstructive lesions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms of Cholelithiasis

A
  • may be silent cholelithiasis
  • dependent upon if stone are stationary or mobile
  • biliary colic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

if obstruction is present…

A
  • amber (tea) colored urine
  • clay colored stools
  • jaundice
  • pruritus
  • steatorrhea
  • bleeding tendencies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

steatorrhea

A

the excretion of abnormal quantities of fat with the feces owing to reduced absorption of fat by the intestine.

18
Q

Biliary Colic

A
  • severe steady pain due to spasm
  • accompanied by tachycardia, diaphoresis and prostration
  • pain may last as long as 1 hour with residual RUQ tenderness
  • occurs 3-6 hours after heavy meal
19
Q

Complications of Cholelithiasis

A
  • inflammation of biliary ducts
  • biliary cirrhosis
  • carcinoma
  • obstruction
  • peritonitis
20
Q

Cholecystogram

A
  • gall bladder series
  • oral contrast, pills
  • abdominal xrays
21
Q

Cholangiogram

A
  • IV contrast

- series of xrays

22
Q

ERCP

A

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography

  • use of endoscope
  • injection of dye
  • series of xrays
23
Q

CT Scan

A
  • with or without contrast

- 2 dimensional image

24
Q

LFTs

A

Looks for obstruction

-direct and indirect bilirubin

25
Q

Serum enzymes

A

may be elevated

AST, alkaline phosphastase

26
Q

CBC

A

elevated WBC

27
Q

Serum Amylase

A

pancreas involvment

28
Q

Prothrombin Time

A

prolonged clotting due to lack of vitamin K absorption

29
Q

Medications

A
  • antibiotics
  • correct/maintain balance
  • pain control
30
Q

Narcotics

A
  • dilaudid, morphine

- can increase biliary colic

31
Q

Antispasmotics

A

-anticholinergics (Atropine)

32
Q

Antiemetrics

A

Phenergan, Zofran

33
Q

Give fat soluble vitamins…

A

for chronic GB disease

-any type of obstruction

34
Q

Urso

A

(Ursodiol)

  • naturally occurring bile acid
  • small quantities in humans
  • large quantities in BEARS
  • Action: replace/displace toxic bile acids, cytoprotection of injured bile duct epithelial cells, assists to shrink gall stones
35
Q

Lithotripsy

A

(ESWL)

  • extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
  • pulverizes stones
  • passes into duodenum
  • passed in stool
36
Q

Laproscopic Cholesystecomy

A
  • less invasive
  • 3 to 4 small incisions
  • same day surgery (90 percent) or overnight
  • return to normal ADL’s in 2-3 days
37
Q

Incisional/open CHOLEYCYCTECTOMY

A
  • invasive with skin incision
  • hospital stay 4-7 days
  • may require T-tube insertion
38
Q

T-tube

A
  • used if common bile duct is explored
  • used pre-op for biliary obstruction
  • attached to closed drainage system
39
Q

Open Choleycyctectomy

A
  • bleeding
  • common duct injury
  • infection

Post op:

  • monitor bleeding/complications
  • difficulty breathing
  • pain control
  • monitor I and Os, NG drainage
  • IV therapy
40
Q

The primary substance in bile

A

bile salts

MS2 Exam 3 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions