Separation Techniques

Question 1

What are the main separation techniques

Answer 1

Magnetic attraction, Filtration, Distillation and Chromatography

Question 2

What is magnetic attraction used for

Answer 2

Used to separate magnetic substances from non-magnetic substances

Question 3

What is an application of Magnetic attraction

Answer 3

It is used in junkyards to separate magnetic materials from the mixture of materials. Using a strong magnet over the scrap metal to attract iron to recycle or reuse and reduce waste.

Question 4

What is Filtration

Answer 4

The process of separating substances of different particle sizes using a sieve

Question 5

How does filtration work

Answer 5

1. A mixture of substances is poured into a funnel that contains filter paper. (The filter paper acts like a sieve)
2. The pores of the filter paper allow liquid particles to pass through but since the solid pieces are bigger than the pores, they are retained by the filter paper.
3. The solid left on the filter paper is called residue and The liquid that passes through the filter paper is called filtrate.

Question 6

Application of Filtration

Answer 6

Tea strainer that separates the tea leaves from the tea.
The tea passes through the tiny holes of the strainer and the leaves remain in it.
(Tea leaves is the residue and Tea is the filtrate)

Question 7

Solute meaning

Answer 7

A substance that dissolves in a solvent to produce a mixture (solid)S

Question 8

Solvent meaning

Answer 8

A liquid in which a solute is dissolved into form a solution

Question 9

What is evaporation

Answer 9

The process of obtaining a dissolved solid from a liquid

Question 10

How does evaporation work

Answer 10

A salt solution will be heated over a bunsen burner which allows the water to gain heat and evaporate into water vapour. Since water changes state at a lower temperature than salt, salt is left behind as residue.

Question 11

What is distillation

Answer 11

A process that separates substances with different boiling points through boiling and condensation.

Question 12

How does distillation work

Answer 12

1. The salt solution is in a distillation flask and is being boiled
2. The water gains heat and evaporates into steam and passes through the condenser(water in bottom and water out top)
3. The steam cools and condenses into pure water called the distillate.

Question 13

Application of distillation

Answer 13

Water from natural sources contain minerals and other impurities. Through distillation, these other materials are removed gaining pure water.

Question 14

What is chromatography

Answer 14

Process to separate small amounts of substances that dissolve to different extents in a particular solvent

Question 15

How does chromatography work

Answer 15

1. A drop of ink is placed at the bottom of the filter paper the paper is then dipped into the solvent.
2. Water then travels up the paper along with the other substances
3. The substances that appear on the paper above the ink are soluble in the solvent. While the one that is on the ink spot is insoluble.
4. The solubility of each substance in the solvent from top to bottom is the greatest to the least
5. The filter paper is now called a chromatogram