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Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we eat food

A

Food contains the nutrients that our body requires to carry out cellular activities (respiration)

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2
Q

What are the three main nutrients

A

Carbohydrates, Fats, Protein

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3
Q

Why do we need the digestive system

A

To break down large, complex nutrients into small soluble molecules. Only this way can digested food be used by cells to carry out cellualr activities

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4
Q

What are carbohydrases/ Amylase

A
  1. Both are enzymes that help quicken the process of breaking down Carbohydrates.
  2. Carbohydrases are found in the small intestine while Amylase is found in the mouth
  3. Carbs are broken down into simple sugars
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5
Q

What are lipases

A
  1. Lipases are enzymes that quicken the process of breaking down fat
  2. It is secreted in the small intestine
  3. Fats are broken down into Glycerol and fatty acids
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6
Q

What are Proteases

A
  1. Proteases are enzymes that quicken the process of breaking down protein into polypeptides
  2. It is secreted in the stomach and small intestine
  3. Protein is broken down into amino acids
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7
Q

What is Physical digestion

A

Breaking up bigger pieces to smaller ones
(cutting, chewing, churning)

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8
Q

What is Chemical digestion

A

breaking down of larger, complex nurtrients into simpler substances (needs respective enzymes)

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9
Q

What is the function of the mouth

A
  1. The teeth and jaw muscles cut and crash the food into smaller pieces (physical digestion)
  2. The saliva secreted in the mouth contains Amylase that partially digests starch and carbohydrates in the mouth
  3. The saliva also softens the food while the tongue rolls the food into a ball for swallowing.
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10
Q

What is the function of the gullet

A
  1. Starch from the mouth continues to be digested by the carbohydrase in the saliva into maltose.
  2. Muscles in the gullet, push the food down to the stomach
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11
Q

What is the function of the stomach

A
  1. The stomach is a highly acidic environment that has hydrochloric acid that kills bacteria in the food (perfect conditions for protease)
  2. The stomach churns the food to smaller pieces (physical)
  3. The stomach releases gastric juice that contains proteases to digest proteins into polypeptides
  4. The stomach has a thick layer of mucus to protect itself from the hydrochloric acid
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12
Q

What is the function of the small Intestine

A
  1. Small intestine is the main site for the chemical digestion due to the many enzymes released
  2. Fats are first digested here due to the presence of lipases in the digestive juices
  3. simple sugars, amino acids and glycerol and fatty acids are fully digested and absorbed into the bloodstream.
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13
Q

What is bile

A
  1. Bile is a substance
  2. It is secreted in the liver and stored in the gallblader
  3. it helps emulsify fat gobule into a larger surface area easing the job of lipase
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14
Q

What is the function of the Large intestine

A

Water and mineral salts from the food is absorbed here into the bloodstream

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15
Q

What is the function of the anus

A

Faeces is released through this opening

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16
Q

What is the function of the rectum

A

Indigestible food and waste form faeces and is temporarily stored here before it is released from the body.

17
Q

What are simple sugars used for

A

cellular activities to release energy

18
Q

What are amino acids used for

A

raw materials used for tissue repair and cell growth

19
Q

What is Glycerol and fatty acids used for

A

used to store fats in the body

20
Q

What is diabetes

A

A disease in which the level of sugar in the blood is too high causing an insufficient level of insulin (hormone that regulates sugar level in the blood) to be produced.

21
Q

What is the cause of diabetes

A

Excess amounts of simple sugars in the body or when the body does not respond properly to insulin

22
Q

What are the symptoms of diabetics

A
  1. The need to urinate excessively
  2. Unquenchable thirst
  3. Injuries healing slowly
  4. Blurred vision
  5. Unexplained weight loss
  6. Tingling hands and feet
23
Q

What is gastric pain

A

Painful swelling orinflammation of the stomach lining

24
Q

What is the causes of gastric pain

A

baceterial/ viral infection, skipping meals, consumption of too much coffee/alchohol/oily food

25
Q

What are the symptoms of gastric pain

A
  1. Upper abdominal pain
  2. Nausea
  3. Bloating
26
Q

What is constipation

A

When one has constipation, food moves through the large intestine very slowly. This causes too much water to be removed from the faeces causing it to be hard.

27
Q

What are the causes of constipation

A
  1. Stress
  2. Consuming of certiain medicines
    3, not having enough fibre in the diet
  3. Inadequate consumption of water

Sci (12 decks)

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