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Energy n Forces Flashcards

1
Q

How do forces in nature affect us

A
  1. They cause natural disasters that destroy buildings and roads which result in the loss of lives
  2. They also help shape our physical environment
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2
Q

Types of forces

A
  1. Contact forces: Forces that act when an object is in contact with another
  2. Non-contact forces: Forces that can act from afar and do not require contact.
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3
Q

What is Frictional force

A
  1. It is a contact force
  2. Force that opposes the motion between two surfaces in contact.
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4
Q

What are the advantages of Friction

A
  1. We can walk on the ground without slipping
  2. We can hold onto objects without dropping them
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5
Q

What are the disadvantages of Friction

A
  1. Causes wear and tear
  2. Cause a waste of energy
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6
Q

What is Gravitational force

A
  1. It is a non-contact force
  2. It is a force that attracts two objects toward each other
  3. A planet that exerts gravitational force pulls an object toward its centre causing the object to have weight.
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7
Q

Effects of Gravity

A
  1. Causes the earth to orbit around the sun
  2. Causes things to drop to the ground when we let go
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8
Q

What is Magnetic Force

A
  1. It is a non-contact force
  2. It is a force that exerted between a magnet and a magnetic material or another magnet itself
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9
Q

How to phrase attraction/repulsion

A

Attraction: When two unlike poles are brought close to each other, they pull together due to the magnetic force of attraction.
Repulsion: When two like poles are brought close together, they push away from each other due to the magnetic force of repulsion

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10
Q

Application of Magnets in real-world context

A
  1. Maglev trains.
  2. The Maglev train slightly lifts up due to the magnetic force of repulsion.
  3. This allows it to travel at higher speeds as It is not in contact with a surface, reducing friction between the track and the train
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11
Q

Weight Characteristics

A
  1. Weight is the amount of gravitational force acting on an object
  2. Measured in Newtons (N)
  3. Measuring instrument is Spring balance
  4. Changes depending on the height you are at
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12
Q

Mass characteristics

A
  1. Mass is the amount of matter in an object
  2. Measured in Grams or Kilograms (g/kg)
  3. Measured by an electronic balance
  4. It does not change depending on height you are at
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13
Q

How to measure force

A

Spring balance and hook the object onto it and see how far the spring extends.

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14
Q

What are the effects of forces

A
  1. Forces can move a stationary object
  2. Forces can stop a moving object
  3. Forces can change the direction of a moving object
  4. Forces can change the speed of a moving object
  5. Forces change the shape and size of an object
  6. Causes the turning effect
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15
Q

Turning effect

A

Causes an object to move about a fixed point known as the pivot

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16
Q

Formula for pressure

A

Force divided by surface area

17
Q

How to increase pressure

A

Decrease surface area or Increase the Force of the object.

18
Q

Applications of Pressure

A
  1. Injection needle
  2. Needs to be sharp so that the surface in contact with the skin is very small
  3. With a strong force, it can easily penetrate the skin.
19
Q

Water pressure

A

A higher pressure acts on your body when you go deeper into the water

20
Q

Atmospheric pressure

A
  1. the layer of particles push down on earth’s surface due to gravitation
  2. The lower the object, the more atmospheric pressure acting on the object
21
Q

Straw atmospheric pressure concept

A
  1. When the guy sucks on the straw some air is removed from the straw
  2. The air pressure inside the straw decreases due to the lack of air particles
  3. The higher atmospheric pressure in the bottle pushes the water down and into the straw
22
Q

Suction cup concept

A
  1. When the cup is pushed against the wall, some air is pushed out
    from under the cup.
  2. This causes the atomspheric pressure between the surface and the suction cup to decrease,
  3. The higher surrounding atmospheric pressure presses on the cup and allows it to stay in place
23
Q

When is work done

A
  1. Force is applied on an object
  2. The object moves
  3. The object moves in the same direction as the force applied on it
24
Q

What is total energy

A
  1. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
  2. The total energy is not lost but is converted to other forms of energy
25
Q

What are fossil fuels

A
  1. They are fromed from the remains of dead plants and animals burried in the earth millions of years ago
  2. Limited and will run out
  3. The burning of fossil fuels releases air pollutants and greenhouse gasses that contribute to global warming
26
Q

What is solar energy

A
  1. The use of solar panels to harness solar energy and trap light energy and convert it into electrical energy
  2. Can generate solar energy without the releasing of pollutants and greenhouses. It requires sufficient care to reduce the amount of toxic waste generated.
27
Q

What is Hydroelectric energy

A
  1. Energy generated from turbines that is powered by moving water
  2. The reservoir behind the dam stores gravitational potential energy
  3. As it flows down the passageway, the GPE is converted to KE
  4. The Ke of the moving water is transferred to the blades that turn
  5. The Kinetic energy of the turning blades is converted to Electrical Energy in the generator
  6. Produces less greenhouses gasses but it can cause floods and force animals and humans to reclocate
28
Q

What is wind energy

A
  1. The energy that is generated from the wind turbines that spin in the wind
  2. The KE from the wind is transferred to the blades of the wind turbine causing it to rotate.
  3. A generator connected to the turbines spin and then convert KE into EE
  4. It requires the mass clearing of land and destruction of habitats. It can kill birds that collide and cause noise pollution
29
Q

What is Geothermal energy

A
  1. The generating of electrical energy through using heat deep in the earth to generate steam. This turns the turbines and generates EE
  2. Cool water is pumped into the hot rocks underground which is heated and turned into steam
  3. Hot water and steam is pumped to the surface where steam powers the turbine and produces EE.
  4. Requires mass-clearing of land and destroys habitats. As well as the release harmful gasses into the environment
30
Q

What are Biofuels

A
  1. Biofuels are the remains of animal waste and plant materials that are inedible
  2. They are used to power Motor vehicles and the carbon dioxide that is produced is re-absorbed by the plants in photosynthesis.
  3. It releases carbon dioxide but helps balance the carbon dioxide released when burnt through recycling and reducing wastage
31
Q

What is Nuclear energy

A
  1. Energy harnessed from the nucleus of an atom and converted into EE
  2. They use the heat produced when a heavy atom splits to boil water into steam
  3. The steam then helps power the turbines and produce EE
  4. Nuclear is a clean source of energy and requires less space

Sci (12 decks)

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