sensory system Flashcards
what are the types of senses
somatic, vision, taste, smell, hearing, equilibrium
where are receptors found
through the skin and many on organs as well
what are the kinds of receptors
exteroceptors: receives external stimuli (same as somatic)
interoceptors
proprioceptors
what are interoceptors
- visceral receptors (internal organs)
- poorly localized (hard to point out area of pain)
- digestion, excretion, circulation, respiration
- pain, taste, hunger, thirst, sexual arousal
what are proprioceptors
- position sense and sense of movement
- joints, ligaments, skeletal muscle, tendons
what are the levels of NS organization
spinal cord and reflexes
cerebellum
what are the somatic receptor types and their structures
function and form not necessarily related structures: naked nerve endings, encapsulated and expanded tip
what are somatic receptor functions
mechanoreceptors: touch
thermoceptors: temperature
pain receptors (reticular formation: somatic senses go through)
habituation: get used to something
where are taste receptors
on tongue, pharynx, hard palate and epiglottis
what are the different taste receptors
sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami
what do taste buds contain
special neuroepithelial taste cells that have receptors
nerve fibers carry information to thalamus
what are olfactory cells
modified neurons for sense of smell (send info to olfactory bulb)
how many receptors do cilia contain
one kind of receptor
what are smells technically
complexes of neurological response to complex chemical mixtures
where is the olfactory bulb
under and deep to the neocortex
how is vision processed
by the brain
what is the anatomy of the eye
back of eye is retina that processes vision
front of eye is pupil that lets light in
what does the lens do
bends the light that comes in and connects to optic nerve (cranial nerve)
what is the structure of the retina
rods: receive light, not color
cones: receive color
what is the retina’s structure
has a blind spot
connects to optic nerve
optic chasm and binocular vision (sends things processed by left eye to left side and right side of brain, same with right eye because it is crossed)
-this allows us to see things as one big picture
what are structural abnormalities of sight
nearsighted: cant see far
farsighted: cant see close (both affected by lens)
what are some eye diseases
glaucoma: too much aqueous humor
cataracts: opacities in lens
how is hearing done
vestibular nerve responds to up and down and back and forth movements
what is the otolithic membrane
it embeds stereocilia of hair cells
