human disease

Question 1

what is disease

Answer 1

improper functioning of cells, tissues, organs and/or systems
damaged or missing structures
sufficient to cause symptoms and deficiency in ability

Question 2

how many diseases are there

Answer 2

12,000+ disease categories

Question 3

what are the major types of disease

Answer 3

1) infectious disease
2) genetic and metabolic disease
3) neoplastic disease
4) autoimmune disease
5) immune system
6) tissue and organ damage

Question 4

what causes infectious disease

Answer 4

bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasitic worms

Question 5

what is infectious disease a result of

Answer 5

• entry of organisms, reproduction and spread
• utilization of body’s nutrients
• damage to cells and tissues
• immune response

Question 6

what is the entry of disease

Answer 6

• organisms need to get to a place in which they can grow and eat
• you and your orifices
• wounds and bites

Question 7

how are micro organisms resourceful

Answer 7

• attach to mucous membranes, skin, etc
• can enter epithelial cells
• can inhibit immunes responses and replicate

Question 8

how do we deal with macrophages

Answer 8

• capsules
• bacterial hemolysins kill macrophages
• survival inside macrophages (tuberculosis)

Question 9

what is tissue attack

Answer 9

deeper tissues and blood stream

damages (cell destruction, toxins = endotoxin, fever muscle damage, shock)

Question 10

what is the response to disease

Answer 10

inflammation can cause tissue damage
immune response
medicine (system support and antibiotics)

Question 11

how can human diversity affect disease

Answer 11

• sexual reproduction
• meiosis and crossing over
• random mating
• mutation

Question 12

what disorders come from micro deletion and micro duplication

Answer 12

Prader-Willi
Charcot-Marie Tooth
Angolan

Question 13

how does chromosomal number affect disorders

Answer 13

Trisomy 21
Klinefelter Syndrome (47 XXY): look female but if the extra X wasn't there it would be male 
Turner Syndrome (45X): missing other chromosome and also looks female

Question 14

what are metabolic disorders

Answer 14

often due to genetic disorders
phenylketonuria
Wilson’s disease

Question 15

what is neoplasia (cancer)

Answer 15

genetic disease: mutation of somatic cells

characteristics: unregulated cell mitosis, invasion (metastasis), induction of angiogenesis

Question 16

what is lung cancer

Answer 16

• most are current or former smokers
• obstruction of passages and destruction of alveoli
• results in difficulty breathing, coughing, pain
• metastasizes to bone and brain

treatment: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy

Question 17

what is the prognosis of lung cancer

Answer 17

all lung cancers 5-year survival = 16.8%

factors include stage, tumor size, metastasis and histology

Question 18

what is breast cancer

Answer 18

lump or dimpling of breast, discharge, red scaly skin patch

risk factors: females, obesity and lack exercise, alcohol, radiation, hormonal replacement for menopause, age, family history, smoking, no pregnancies

usually develops in lining of milk ducts and lobules supplying milk (lobular carcinomas)

Question 19

what is breast cancer treatment

Answer 19

surgery, drugs, radiation,

prognosis: 5 year survival 94%

Question 20

what are autoimmune diseases

Answer 20

disorder of the ability of immune system to recognize self and not-self
immune system generates cell-mediated and/or antibody response to hormonal organs or tissues

Question 21

what are examples of autoimmune diseases

Answer 21

Hashimotis Thyroiditis: affects thyroid and metabolism
Lupus: immune system attacks tissues
Rheumatoid Arthritis: inflammation of joints (Being attacked by immune system)

Question 22

what causes damage of autoimmune diseases

Answer 22

injury, blockage, nutrition and fluid, drugs and alcohol

ex. heart damage due to infarctions
brain damage from head injuries, stroke, chronic alcoholism