human disease Flashcards
what is disease
improper functioning of cells, tissues, organs and/or systems
damaged or missing structures
sufficient to cause symptoms and deficiency in ability
how many diseases are there
12,000+ disease categories
what are the major types of disease
1) infectious disease
2) genetic and metabolic disease
3) neoplastic disease
4) autoimmune disease
5) immune system
6) tissue and organ damage
what causes infectious disease
bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasitic worms
what is infectious disease a result of
- entry of organisms, reproduction and spread
- utilization of body’s nutrients
- damage to cells and tissues
- immune response
what is the entry of disease
- organisms need to get to a place in which they can grow and eat
- you and your orifices
- wounds and bites
how are micro organisms resourceful
- attach to mucous membranes, skin, etc
- can enter epithelial cells
- can inhibit immunes responses and replicate
how do we deal with macrophages
- capsules
- bacterial hemolysins kill macrophages
- survival inside macrophages (tuberculosis)
what is tissue attack
deeper tissues and blood stream
damages (cell destruction, toxins = endotoxin, fever muscle damage, shock)
what is the response to disease
inflammation can cause tissue damage
immune response
medicine (system support and antibiotics)
how can human diversity affect disease
- sexual reproduction
- meiosis and crossing over
- random mating
- mutation
what disorders come from micro deletion and micro duplication
Prader-Willi
Charcot-Marie Tooth
Angolan
how does chromosomal number affect disorders
Trisomy 21 Klinefelter Syndrome (47 XXY): look female but if the extra X wasn't there it would be male Turner Syndrome (45X): missing other chromosome and also looks female
what are metabolic disorders
often due to genetic disorders
phenylketonuria
Wilson’s disease
what is neoplasia (cancer)
genetic disease: mutation of somatic cells
characteristics: unregulated cell mitosis, invasion (metastasis), induction of angiogenesis
what is lung cancer
- most are current or former smokers
- obstruction of passages and destruction of alveoli
- results in difficulty breathing, coughing, pain
- metastasizes to bone and brain
treatment: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy
what is the prognosis of lung cancer
all lung cancers 5-year survival = 16.8%
factors include stage, tumor size, metastasis and histology
what is breast cancer
lump or dimpling of breast, discharge, red scaly skin patch
risk factors: females, obesity and lack exercise, alcohol, radiation, hormonal replacement for menopause, age, family history, smoking, no pregnancies
usually develops in lining of milk ducts and lobules supplying milk (lobular carcinomas)
what is breast cancer treatment
surgery, drugs, radiation,
prognosis: 5 year survival 94%
what are autoimmune diseases
disorder of the ability of immune system to recognize self and not-self
immune system generates cell-mediated and/or antibody response to hormonal organs or tissues
what are examples of autoimmune diseases
Hashimotis Thyroiditis: affects thyroid and metabolism
Lupus: immune system attacks tissues
Rheumatoid Arthritis: inflammation of joints (Being attacked by immune system)
what causes damage of autoimmune diseases
injury, blockage, nutrition and fluid, drugs and alcohol
ex. heart damage due to infarctions
brain damage from head injuries, stroke, chronic alcoholism
