Sensory System Flashcards
What are the 4 exteroceptive sensory systems
auditory
somatosensory
olfactory
gustatory
Define sensation
the process of detecting stimuli
Perception is
the higher order process of integrating, recognizing and interpreting patterns of sensations
sensory systems are
hierarchical
3 principles of sensory perception
functional segregation
system is not serial
parallel pathways, can skip levels
each level of cerebral cortex has functionally distinct areas of analysis
functional segregation
info flows over multple pathways in the neural network
parallel processing
amplitude is
loudness
frequency is
pitch
complexity is
timbre
pure tones are in our every day enviro
T/F?
Falsehoods
fundamental frequency of a sound is the
highest common divisor
basic pathway of sound perception
outer ear
tympanic membrane (ear drum)
Ossciles
Oval window
cochlea (snail)
Organ of Corti
Auditory nerve
name dem ossciles
Malleus (hammer)
Incus (anvil)
Stapes (stirrups
MIS
HAS
humans can parse out freq diffs of
.02%
the auditory pathway is a __ rather than a single __
network
major
the main stop between the primary auditory cortex and the ear is
the medial geniculate nuc of the thalamus
the Aud-cortex is organized
on a gradient of low to high on it’s length
temporal components of sound freq over time
PERIODOPOTY
Anterior audio pathway is
what and ID of sounds
Posterior audio pathway is
where location
audio and visual perception interact in the
posterior parietal cortex
PVC
conductive deafness
damage to ossciles
nerve deafness
damage to cochlea or aud nerve
major cause of nerve deafness
hair cell receptor loss
the layout of the auditory system is both
tonotopic and periodtopic
the axons of the aud nerves synapse in the
ipsilateral cochlear nucelei
many audio vis interactions are studied in the
post-parietal cor
3 systems of the somatosensory cortex
exteroceptive (stim to skin)
Prioproceptive (muscles, location in space, balance)
Interoceptive (in ivivo, temp, BP, HR)
Exteroceptive 3
mechanical
thermal
nociceptive
name the 4 cutaneous receptors
free nerve ends (temp and pain)
Pancian Corpusclese (onion layered, fast, sudden skin displacement)
Merkels discs and Ruffini endings (adapt to slow constant pressure)
two major somato pathways
Dorsal-column-medial lemniscus system (pain and temp)
Anterolateral system
who mapped the somatosensory cortex?
Penfield
the somato cortex is laid out
somatotopically
largest section for the primary Somato cortex is for
hands, lips, tongue
S1 is largely
contralateral
S2 gets info from
both sides of body
how are the streams of the somato pathways similar to aud and vis?
dorsal stream - multi-sensory integrations and direction of attention
and
ventral stream
perception of shapes
a deficit in stereogenesis?
reduced ability to ID by touch
Hemianopsia
a blind spot in visual field, losing detection of stim in that field. Hand in lap, low level, hand into vis field or holding object, much better
Bimodal neurons for vis and somato are in
post-parietal
: can’t ID by touch
ASTEREOGNOSIA
can’t ID parts of ones own body
ASOMATOGNOSIA
what is suggested by the results of the rubber hand illusion
that association cortex in the post-par and front lobes are involved with the bimodal neurons that work on touch and vis
pain has no
cortical reception
which area has analgesic effects on pain?
Periaquaductal grey
