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Brain and Behaviour 1 > Evolution and Genetics > Flashcards

Evolution and Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

deficiency in the awareness of one’s body parts.

A

asomatognosia

(AYsomtoNOsha)

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2
Q

What are the 3 factors in the Biology of behaviour?

A
  1. Genetic endowment (product of evo)
  2. Experience
  3. Perception of the current situation
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3
Q

What 3 types of evidence did Darwin present as proof of evolution?

A
  1. Document of evolutionary fossil records

2.Linked the structural similarties between varied living species (wing, paw, hand)

  1. He pointed to the major changes in domestic plants and animals by selective breeding.
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4
Q

What discovery in the Galapagos supported Darwin’s theory of evo

A

1 season of drought resulted in longer beaks that were adapted to the most common food source; large, hard to eat seeds

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5
Q

Define natural selection

A

heritable traits that are associated with high levels of reproduction and survival are more likely to be passed down

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6
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of organisms that is reproductively isolated from other organisms. (cannot produce fertile offspring by mating with other species)

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7
Q

What causes a new species to branch off?

A

A barrier (geographic or different courtship displays) that interferes with a sub population of a species

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8
Q

800 million years ago….

A

complex, multi-cellular organisms were present

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9
Q

What do Chordates have?

A

A hollow dorsal nerve cords

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10
Q

What did vertebrae’s evolve to have?

A

spinal bones to protect their dorsal nerve cords

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11
Q

What were the first verts?

A

Bony fish

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12
Q

What are the classes of verts?

A

3 fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals

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13
Q

only adult ______ can survive on land.

A

Amphibians

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14
Q

Reptiles evolved from ____ and were the ___

A

Amphibians, first verts to lay shell covered eggs and have dry scales

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15
Q

Mammals were a

A

new class of vertebrae

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16
Q

humans are

A

primates

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17
Q

3 major human attributes

A

big brains, upright posture, opposable thumbs

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18
Q

Hominin evo in order

A

Complex multi-cellular
Chordates
Vertebraes
Amphibians
Reptiles
Mammals
Hominins

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19
Q

Evo is like

A

a dense bush, non linear in growth

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20
Q

evo is not always

A

slow and gradual

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21
Q

spandrels are

A

Incidental non-adaptive byproducts

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22
Q

exaptations are

A

adaptive characteristics that evolved to serve a different job than they do now

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23
Q

similarities between species that share evo origins are

A

homologous (Homallogus)

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24
Q

traits that are similar but evolved for different reasons are

A

analogous

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25
the folds of the brain are
convolutions
26
Darwin was missing two key facts
Why conspecifics differ (same species, different traits) How anatomical, physiological and behavioural traits were passed down
27
How did Mendel study inheritance?
Studying dichotomous traits in pea plants (brown OR white seeds, never both) Crossing true breeding lines (lines where interbred members always show same traits over generations)
28
Dominant traits are always
100% in first generation
29
Recessive traits in pea plants were
showing in about 25% of 2nd gen
30
observable traits are
phenotypes
31
traits that can be passed down are
genotypes
32
two genes that control the same trait are
alleles
33
organisms with two identical alleles are
Homozygous (homoZigus)
34
organisms with different alleles with a trait are
heterozygous
35
what happens in heterozygous organisms with dichotomous traits?
one of two kinds of genes dominates the other (brown seed doms white)
36
for each dichotomous trait
an organism randomly inherits one of 2 from each parent
37
how many genes do we have?
23
38
the process of cell division is
meiosis
39
Meiosis produces
gametes (egg and sperm cells)
40
sperm and egg make
a zygote
41
non gamete cell division is
Mitosis
42
each chromo is a..
double strand molecule of DNA
43
DNA stands for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
44
an extra chromo in each cell results in
Down's syndrome
45
DNA replication begins with ___ which ___
unwinding of two DNA strands, this exposes the Nucleotide bases.
46
complimentary nucleotide bases do what?
attract their comp bases which are floating in the nucleus fluid
47
Females have two
XX
48
Men have one____ and one___
X and Y
49
Dominant genes are more common in
females
50
recessive genes are
more common in males
51
men are more often colour blind because
women almost never inherit two genes for it
52
long chain amino acids
proteins
53
Proteins that bind to DNA and increase gene expression are
ACTIVATORS
54
Those that that bind to DNA and reduce are called
REPRESSORS
55
the two phases of gene expression are
Transcription and Translation
56
Gene expression transcription is
an unraveled part of a chrome and unraveled part of DNA is a template for the transcription of a short strand of RNA
57
translation in gene expresssion is
translation of theRNA base-sequence code into a protein.
58
global collab to map the 3bil NucTide bases is
Human genome project
59
the study of mechs of inheritence that are not mediated by changes the gene seq of DNA
Epigenetics
60
a protein that provides structural support for a chromosome.
histone
61
a re-arrangement of the functional organization of the brain, particularly the arrangements of different sensory areas of the neocortex. 
Cross-modal plasticity
62
a process where a methyl group becomes attached to DNA molecules and can change the expression of the affected gene without altering the DNA itself
DNA Methylation
63

Brain and Behaviour 1 (8 decks)

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