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Brain and Behaviour 1 > Anatomy of the NS > Flashcards

Anatomy of the NS Flashcards

1
Q

NS outside skull and spine?

A

Peripheral

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2
Q

Peripheral NS contains

A

Autonomic and Somatic NS

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3
Q

What does the Autonomic NS do?

A

Breathing, regs internal enviro
Afferent nerves that carry sensory signals from organs to the CNS AND efferent nerves from the CNS to organs

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4
Q

What does the Somatic NS do?

A

Composed of afferent nerves that carries motor signals to the CNS AND efferent nerves from CNS to the skeletal muscles

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5
Q

A in Afferent stands for

A

Advance (to cns)

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6
Q

E in efferent stands for

A

Exit (the CNS)

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7
Q

Sympathetic is

A

stress/fight or flight) AND ANS nerves from the L and T spine

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8
Q

Parasympathetic is

A

Rest and Digest
AND
ANS nerves from the cortex and the Sacral region

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9
Q

what do Sym and Para have in common?

A

Both are two stage neural paths
part way from the CSN, they synapse into 2nd stage neurons.
(symp does this much earlier)

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10
Q

Para aims to

A

maintain homeostasis

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11
Q

Symp aim to

A

stimulate, organized and mobilize energy resources

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12
Q

Each autonomic NS organ

A

is receiving push/pull signals from the the Para and sym

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13
Q

Most nerves of the Peripheral….

A

start in the spinal cord

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14
Q

which P-nerves don’t start in the spinal cord?

A

Cranial nerves

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15
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

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16
Q

the Auto motor fibres of the Cranial nerves are

A

parasympathetic

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17
Q

meninges are

A

the 3 layers of the brain

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18
Q

The 3 layers that cover the brain are

A

The Dura Mater (tough mother)

The arachnoid (fluid filled web that cushions)

The Pia Mater (pious mother)

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19
Q

What is under the Fine Arachnoid Membrane?

A

The subarachnoid space (large blood vessels and Cerebrospinal Fluid)

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20
Q

Where is CS-fluid found?

A

The subarachnoid
the central canna of the spinal cord
Cerebral Ventricles

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21
Q

The 4 large chambers of the brain are

A

the Cerebral Ventricles

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22
Q

Name the Cerebral Ventricles

A

Two lateral
3rd
4th

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23
Q

Name the areas that comprise the CSF fluid reservoir

A

SubArch
Central Canal
Lateral Ventricles
3rd and 4th Ventricles

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24
Q

What does the Cerebral Aquaduct do?

A

Connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle

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25
Why do so many brain regions sound like they're from LOTR?
Because nerds.... ;) "Aqueduct of Sylvius"
26
Where is CSF produced?
The Choroid Plexus (network of capillaries from the pia mater to the ventricles)
27
28
the Brain Blood Barrier is comprised of
cells with tightly packed blood vessel walls
29
what is the function of the BBB?
To block proteins and other large molecules fro entering the brain from the circulatory system
30
The neural effects of drugs depends on how easily
they cross the BBB
31
Efferent Nerves..
carry signals away from a structure, like the CNS
32
the ANS nerves that project from the T and L spine are part of the
sympathetic NS
33
Neurons
receive, conduct and transmit electrochemical signals
34
Gaps between myelin on axons
Nodes of Ranvier (rahn-vee-ay)
35
fatty substance covering axons
myelin
36
Dendrites
receive contact from other neurons
37
cone-shaped area where axon and cell body meet
axon hillock
38
gaps between neurons
synapses
39
Cytoplasm
clear, internal cellular fluid that provides a suspension medium for organelles and free-floating molecules.
40
folded membranes in the cell body (with ribosomes or not)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
41
Internal cell structures where proteins are synthesized
Ribosomes
42
connected system of membranes that package molecules in vesicles
Golgi complex
43
part of the cell that holds DNA
Nucleus
44
Mitochondria
power station of cell, consumes O2
45
Fast transport of Molecules through a neuron is done by
microtubules
46
storage location for neurotransmitters
Synaptic vesicles
47
molecules released by some active neurons to communicate with others
Neurotransmitters
48
How Many High-Fives are you getting lately?
https://www.instagram.com/p/C3VqPtNRrv1/?hl=en
49
Gaps between myelin buttons
We ride at dawn to the Nodes Of Ranvier!
50
Folded membranes in cells, help synth proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum
51
The neuron cell membrane has a
Lipid Bilayer
52
Channel proteins
channels that open up and allow some molecules to pass in and out
53
Signal proteins
send a signal inside of the neuron when particular molecules bind to them
54
How many types of neurons are there? Name those motherfuckers!
4 Multi-polar (more than two dendrites) Unipolar Bipolar Interneurons
55
Most neurons are
Multi polar
56
A neuron with one or none axons that integrates neural action in a single brain structure is
an interneuron
57
Cells in the CNS are called
nuclei
58
cells in the PNS are called
ganglia
59
bundles of axons in the CNS are called
tracts
60
bundles of axons in the PNS are called
Nerves
61
what is the ratio of glia to neuron in the brain?
2:3 G to the N
62
Glia are pretty diverse Name two dem bitches?
Microglia (small, respond to injury) Astrocytes (largest, contact with neurons, interact with blood vessels) Oligodendrocytes (extensions wrap around CNS axons, myelin sheathed) Schwann Cells (in the PNS, each one is a myelin segment. Only one that guides axonal regen after damage.
63
What are 3 things that Astrocytes do?
Exchange chem signals with neurons, control BBB, respond to TBI, cognition, regulate cell death, sends memes to ex-gf's
64
How many kinds of astrocytes are there?
15
65
What is a fundamental difference between Golgi and Nissel stains?
Being able to see the # of cells
66
Which neuroanatomical tracing technique would I use to trace the path of Axon projection?
Retrograde
67
Which neuroanatomical tracing technique would I use to trace axons leaving cell bodies?
Anterograde
68
Anterior is towards
the nose
69
Posterior is towards the
tail
70
Dorsal is
surface of back or top of head
71
ventral is
chest of bottom of heaad
72
medial is
towards midline of body
73
lateral is
away from midline to body sides
74
Anterior-Posterior
nose to tail
75
dorsal ventral
top of head to bottom of head (back to chest)
76
Medial lateral
(midline to sides of body)
77
What are the 3 brain planes?
HOR (divides top and bottom ) Frontal (divides front back) Sagital (divides left and right)
78
cutting the brain is
sectioning
79
Cutting DOWN thru the brain and dividing hemisphere is a
Mid-sagital section
80
Soma is
cell body
81
what do golgi complexes do?
package membranes
82
what do synaptic vesicles do?
store neurostransmitters
83
the largest glia cells are?
Astrocytes!!!!
84
What is the role of oligodendrocytes?
Myelination up that CNS!
85
Grey matter is
cell bodies and unmyelinated interneurons
86
White matter is largely comprised of?
Myelinated Axons
87
name the two types of horns in the spinal cord?
dorsal and ventral
88
Dorsal horn has ___ fibers Ventral horn has___ fibers
Afferent Efferent
89
How many spinal nerves in a human?
62
90
Efferent ventral neurons of the somatic NS project to
skeletal muscles
91
efferent ventral neurons of the autonomic NS eventually connect to the
internal organs
92
the neural tube forms at
22 days post conception
93
What are the 5 swellings of the brain? Hint: T on top and then alphabetized.
Telencephalon (Ceb-hemis) Diencephalon Mesencephalon (midbrain) Metencephalon Myelencephalon (medulla)
94
large furrows in the cerebral cortex are___ Small are____
fissures sucli
95
Ridges in the cerebral cortex are
Gyri
96
the Cerebral cortex is almost split in half by the
longitudinal fissure
97
the largest CC tract is the
corpus callosum
98
Limbic means
ring
99
name 5 major structures of the limbic system
the amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, fornix, septum, mammillary body, and cingulate cortex
100
Parkinson’s is associated with degen of
pathway from substantia nigra to the striatum
101
What did Zacharius Janssen invent?
the microscope
102
What is the neuron doctrine?
NS is made up of individual cells, supported by astrocytes and other glial cells
103
Who proposed the neuron doctrine?
Ramón Cajal
104
What are 3 differences in the neuron structure of rats who were raised in the standard/impoverished and enriched conditions?
cortex thickness Corpus Callosum thicker more dendrite branching and dendritic spine density more axons
105
J.P. Rushton is an asshole because?
He's a racist who pushed for eugenics and tried to link brain size to intelligence
106

Brain and Behaviour 1 (8 decks)

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