Sensory control and connections

Question 1

what systems makes up internal control?

Answer 1

sensory
central nervous
endocrine

Question 2

what system is responsible for external control? id invasions?

Answer 2

immune system

Question 3

characteristics of nocturnal mammals?

Answer 3

lens is larger
closer to retina
rod cells
-sensitive to wide range of wavelengths
-enable vision in low light but low acuity
large curved lens
tapetum lucidum

Question 4

characteristics of diurnal mammals

Answer 4

greater distribution of cones than rods

larger visual image

Question 5

what mechanism is responsible for reflecting light back off the eyes?

Answer 5

tapetum lucidum

Question 6

what do cone cells do?

Answer 6

contain pigment
-sensitive to specific wavelength
relatively few compared to rods
-require more illumination to fire

Question 7

how many cone cells do mammals have?

birds?

Answer 7

most with 2
humans and some other primates with 3

birds have 4

Question 8

cones and rods in diurnal and nocturnal mammals

Answer 8

diurnal: more cones and less rods
nocturnal: more rods and less cones

Question 9

how to pinnae assist in hearing

Answer 9

focus sound on to tympanic membrane
directional hearing
some rotate

Question 10

where are main olfactory receptors

Answer 10

nasal cavity

Question 11

purpose of nasal turbinates

Answer 11

increase SA

Question 12

what are scent glands used for?

Answer 12

pheromones that assist in kinship, reproductive status, warning signs

Question 13

what structure is responsible for secondary olfaction?

what does it detect

Answer 13

vomeronasal organ

detects pheromones

Question 14

touch is most highly developed in ___

Answer 14

smaller fossorial / semifossorial mammals

Question 15

vibrissae

Answer 15

used to detect objects

Question 16

how can touch but processed and utilized?

Answer 16

through specialized receptors in snout, lips, pads.

can detect heat, cold, pressure, pain

Question 17

the central nervous system encompasses what?

Answer 17

brain and spinal cord

Question 18

there is expansion of what part of the brain in endotherms?

Answer 18

cerebral hemisphere

Question 19

what are the 2 major characteristics of mammalian CNS

Answer 19

more storage area

incoming information is better integrated

Question 20

____ are _____ messengers in blood

Answer 20

hormones

chemical

Question 21

1st line of defence

Answer 21

skin
mucous membranes
secretions from mucous membranes

Question 22

2nd line of defence

Answer 22

WBC
antimicrobial proteins
inflammatory response

Question 23

3rd line of defence

Answer 23

specific *
lymphocytes
antibodies

Question 24

immunity definition

Answer 24

recognize and defend again specific pathogens and antigens

Question 25

what are 2 types of immunity

Answer 25

innate or genetic - from birth - genetically maintained acquired - develops during lifetime - response to infection of vaccine