Modes of Feeding

Question 1

Define allometry

Answer 1

power law relationship between body size and other body attributes

Question 2

How does does body size impact MBR

Answer 2

really small animals have high MBR

really large animals have low MBR

Question 3

Bergmanns rule

Answer 3

increase body mass with latitude

Question 4

what needs to eat more, small mammals or large?

Answer 4

small - need to create higher metabolic power

Question 5

what are the 4 modes of feeding?

Answer 5

Insectivory
herbivory
carnivory
omnivory

Question 6

digestive system of insectivores

Answer 6

short intestine
no cecum

basal condition

Question 7

digestive system of carnivores

Answer 7

short intestine and colon

small cecum

Question 8

digestive system of nonruminant herbivore

Answer 8

simple stomach

large cecum

Question 9

digestive system of ruminant herbivore

Answer 9

4 chambered stomach with large rumen

both sm and lg intestines are long

Question 10

dentition of insectivores

Answer 10

many sharp teeth

lower I often procumbent

Question 11

semi-aquatic insectivores

Answer 11

large cheek pouches
no teeth
horny pads at back of mouth

duck billed platypus

Question 12

fancy name for ant eaters

Answer 12

myremecophagous

Question 13

dental and skull adaptations to carnivorous diet?

Answer 13

carnassial
enlarged temporalis
large sagittal crest

Question 14

piscivorous

Answer 14

fish eating

toothed whales
pinnipeds
homodont teeth

Question 15

pros and cons of herbivorous diet?

Answer 15

plants more abundant

energy content lower = need to eat more

Question 16

two main groups of herbivores?

Answer 16

browsers and grazers

gnawers

Question 17

typical characteristics of herbivory?

Answer 17

canines reduced/absent
molars broad
some means of breaking down cellulose

Question 18

forgut fermentor process

example?

Answer 18

Reticulum
Omansum
Abomasum

artiodacylas
kangaroos

Question 19

benefits of foregut fermenting?

Answer 19

efficient at extracting nutrients
organism can ingest food them move to safe place to digest
good for high quality food limited in quantity
BUT slow processing time

Question 20

benefits of hindgut fermenting

Answer 20

large volumes can be processed quickly
for for low quality, high quantity food
don’t regurgitate
need more cause less efficient in extracting nutrients

Question 21

characteristics of gnawing herbivores

Answer 21

lagomorphs and rodents

• evergrowing incisors
• lg diastema
• hindgut fermenters
• cheek pouches
• coprophagy

Question 22

granivory

Answer 22

seed eating

Question 23

folivory

Answer 23

leaf eating

Question 24

frugivory

Answer 24

fruit eating

Question 25

nectarivory

Answer 25

nectar eating

Question 26

gummivory

Answer 26

gum eating

Question 27

mycophagy

Answer 27

fungus eating

Question 28

Omnivory

Answer 28

opoprtunistic | fairly unspecialized guts and dentition

Question 29

foraging strategies?

Answer 29

generalists

Question 30

optimal foraging theory

Answer 30

cost-benefit analysis to optimize energy intake and search/handling time -avoid predation

Question 31

marginal value theorem

Answer 31

determine when an animal should leave and search for another location. Is it worth spending energy here?

Question 32

2 types of hoarding/caching

Answer 32

``` larder hoard -all in one spot scatthoarding -pikas -divide up across number of stashes -squirrels ```