Sensory and motor development

Question 1

working with infants

Answer 1

cant talk, don’t understand, poor motor skills

sucking - more frequent = more excited
looking - habituated = look longer at novel event (visual paired comparison task VPC)

Question 2

APGAR scale

Answer 2

checks whether infants are okay to take part in the study 
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace (crying = functioning)
Activity
Respiration

score of 8 = okay

Question 3

vision

Answer 3

new borns - light, shapes, movement
1-2 months - black and white
4 months - depth perception, colour
8 months - recognise people
1 year - adult

Question 4

seeing faces

Answer 4

preferential interest in face like stimuli from birth

Frantz (1961) - can do this with smell too

Question 5

Heron-Delany et al (2011)

Answer 5

70 mins of picture book exposure over 3 months (Chinese of Caucasian)
developed an ability to distinguish faces amongst the shown ethnicity

Question 6

hearing

Answer 6

becomes specialised with age - perceptual narrowing to their own language

Question 7

motherease

Answer 7

infants show preference for adapted baby speak

exaggerating where the changes in speech occur

Question 8

DeCasper and Spence (1986)

Answer 8

3 minute story read everyday (whilst the baby is in the womb)
children preferred this story after birth

Question 9

tactile development

Answer 9

touch

first sense to develop
8 weeks - lips
10 weeks - reflexive grasp
12 weeks - bottom of foot (toes curl)

Question 10

matching touch to vision

Answer 10

Sann & Streri (2007)
new born infants (41h) given cylinder or prism to hold
when shown an image, they looked at the object they didn’t hold 2 x as long

Question 11

matching vision to touch

Answer 11

Sann & Streri (2007)
repeated the experiment the other way around
until they dropped the object
didn’t hold on to the object they looked at for longer for any less time

Question 12

cross model matching

Answer 12

Sann & Streri (2007)

not bi-directional

Question 13

motor development

Answer 13

1-3 months - list head, grasp and suck
5-11 months - crawls
10-14 months - stands/walks alone

Question 14

Herbert, Gross and Hayne (2007)

Answer 14

children who could crawl could retrieve memory in different contexts and has more flexible memory

Question 15

walking to crawling

Answer 15

changes the way in which the infant sees the world

Kretch, Franchak and Adolph (2014)
crawling = baby looks at floor
walking = more information of the world

Question 16

perception and cognition

Answer 16

perception - input from sense
cognition - mental representation

in order to understand mental representations = violation of expectation task

Question 17

Wynn (1992)

Answer 17

objects moved behind a screen
events were possible or impossible
4-5 months - stared longer at impossible event

Question 18

mental representation

Answer 18

9 months (Piaget) - object permanence 
search for objects out of view after this age

6-8 months (Baillargeon) - when truck passes through an object behind a screen they are surprised

could be due to limited motor abilities in Piaget experiment - knowledge but are unable to interact

Question 19

cognition

Answer 19

knowledge + action