Nature V Nurture Flashcards
tabula rassa
John Locke
children are born a blank slate
noble savage
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
good child who becomes corrupt because of society
nativism
nature - hard wired at birth
empiricism
nurture - experience is key
IQ
combination of nature and nurture
Stern (1912) mental age/chronological age = intelligence quotient (IQ) general intelligence (g)
Binet (1905)
first intelligence test (mental age - MA) - ability compared to others
chronological age (CA) actual age
heritability
Jenson (1969) - boosting IQ and school achievement
15-18 point gap between white children and African American children
differences = 50-80% heritable
twin studies (IQ)
Mz = 0.87 (reared together), 0.75 (apart) Dz = 0.55 (reared together), 0.35 (apart)
missing heritability - no gene found
50% of variation in IQ is genetic
genetic relatedness
genetics shared
genes, environment and interaction (IQ)
breast feeding increases IQ (possibly due to the fatty acids - linked to brain development
- score 7 points higher
adoption studies (IQ)
20 point increase in African American children when reared by advantaged white families
differences at age 17
Flynn effect
environment effects cognitive development
IQ been increasing 3 points per decade
increasing in China and India, decreasing in UK
testing the Flynn effect
Raven’s progressive matrices
selection of non-verbal test items arranged in order of difficulty
increase of 20 points in 50 years
test has to be standardised
reasons for the Flynn effect
smaller family size
improvements in education
development of technology
changes in diet
sure start program
training for parents to improve poverty, malnutrition and education
guidance on health and nutrition
improves child’s behaviour through parent interaction
sets expectations, limits and expected consistent strategies for behaviour management
