Senses part 2

Question 1

What are the intraocular disorders?

Answer 1

• cataracts
• retinal detachment
• age related macular degeneration
• glaucoma

Question 2

What are the types of conjunctivitis?

Answer 2

• bacterial (pink eye)
• viral
• Adult Inclusion conjunctivitis (AIC): Chlamydia. This is a major cause of blindness world wide. HANDWASHING very contagious

Question 3

What is the tx for conjunctivitis?

Answer 3

• systemic or topical antibiotics
• palliative
• corticosteroids
• antihistamines

Question 4

What are the clinical manifestations of cataracts?

Answer 4

• painless
• decrease in vision is gradual
• abnormal color perception and glare esp at night

Question 5

What are the pre-op meds before cataracts surgery?

Answer 5

• NSAIDs
• topical antibiotics
• mydriatic medications: (big word big pupil)
• cycloplegic: paralysis accommodation
• note visual acuity in unoperated eye

Question 6

What should you teach you pt’s post-op cataracts surgery?

Answer 6

-avoid bending, stooping, coughing, valsalva maneuver, or lifting because this increases IOP

Question 7

Is it unusual if vision decreases right after cataracts surgery?

Answer 7

NO not unusual

Question 8

What are the gerontologic considerations for cataracts?

Answer 8

• loss of independence
• lack of control
• changes in self perception
• emotional support
• encouragement
• allow maximum level of independent function

Question 9

What re the 3 types of retinal detachment?

Answer 9

• Spontaneous:
• breaks: full thickness interruption
• holes: atrophic holes
• Aging:
• tears: vitreous humor shrinks and pulls on retina

Question 10

What are some clinical manifestations of retinal detachment?

Answer 10

• floaters
• cobwebs/hairnet/ring
• “like a curtain coming down”

Question 11

What should be the first diagnostic procedure with any loss of vision?

Answer 11

visual acuity

Question 12

What are the 2 types of macular degeneration?

Answer 12

-dry: non-exudate
more common, slow progression with painless vision loss
-wet: exudative
most severe, rapid onset
development of blood vessels in/near macula

Question 13

What tool is used to monitor macular degeneration?

Answer 13

Amsler grid

Question 14

What is the medication used for AMD? And what are the nursing considerations?

Answer 14

-Verteporfin: avoid direct sunlight up to 5 days after treatment-may cause burns to skin

Question 15

Nutritionally what can help AMD?

Answer 15

Vit. C & E. 
carotene 
dark leafy veggies 
fatty fish
zinc

Question 16

What is the pathophysiology behind glaucoma?

Answer 16

abnormal balance of aqueous production (inflow) and rate of reabsorption (outflow).

Question 17

Explain POAG?

Answer 17

• outflow is low (clogged meshwork)
• gradual visual field loss
• develops slow without pain or pressure
• tunnel vision

Question 18

Explain angle-closure glaucoma (ACG)?

Answer 18

• decrease in outflow from angle closure
• lens bulges forward (aging)
• possible narrow angle at birth

Question 19

What causes acute angle closure glaucoma?

Answer 19

• medication induced

- sudden severe pain in or around the eye

Question 20

What is the normal IOP?
IOP for POAG?
IOP for AACG?

Answer 20

• normal = 10-21
• open angle = 22-32
• AACG = >50