Fluid and Electrolyte part 6

Question 1

6. Identify causes and symptoms associated
with:
a. hyper/hypokalemia
b. hyper/hyponatremia
c. hyper/ hypocalcemia
d. hyper/hypomagnesemia
e. hyper/hypophosphatemia

Answer 1

poop

Question 2

What is normal phosphate?

Answer 2

2.4-4.4

Question 3

Who has an inverse relationship with phosphate?

Answer 3

calcium

-if calcium is high then phosphate is low and vice-versa

Question 4

What 2 electrolytes does parathyroid control?

Answer 4

calcium and phosphate (inversely)

Question 5

6. Identify causes and symptoms associated

with hyperphosphatemia?

Answer 5

> 4.4

• Causes:
• acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease
• chemo
• excess intake of phosphate or vitamin D
• hypoparathyroidism
• Symptoms, some same as hypocalcemia (CATS), calcified deposits in soft tissue

Question 6

How do you treat hyperphosphatemia?

Answer 6

• restrict dairy and junk food
• phosphate binding agent
• volume expansion/diuresis
• correct hypocalcemia
• hemodialysis

Question 7

6. Identify causes and symptoms associated

with hypophosphatemia?

Answer 7

<2.4

• Causes: malnourishment/malabsorption, diarrhea, antacids, inadequate replacement during parenteral nutrition.
• Symptoms: CNS depression, muscle weakness/pain, respiratory./HF, rickets and osteomalacia

Question 8

What is the normal value for magnesium?

Answer 8

1. 8-3.0
   - acts on myoneural junction
   - normal cardiac functioning
   - absorbed in GI
   - excreted by kidney

Question 9

6. Identify causes and symptoms associated

with hypermagnesemia?

Answer 9

> 3.0

• Causes: too much magnesium (like milk of mag or IV for eclampsia tx) when renal insufficiency/failure is present
• Symptoms: lethargy, N/V, impaired reflexes, muscle paralysis, resp. and cardiac arrest

Question 10

6. Identify causes and symptoms associated

with hypomagnesemia?

Answer 10

<1.8

• Causes: alcoholism, starvation, loss from GI, parenteral nutrition without supplement, diuretics, hyperglycemia
• Symptoms: seizures, muscle cramps, tremors, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypocalcemia/kalemia