Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ap psych > senses > Flashcards

senses Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

perception

A

how your brain interprets the sensory input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

psychophysics

A

study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

stimulus

A

any detectable input from the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

threshold

A

dividing point between energy levels that do and do not have a detectable effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

absolute threshold

A

minimum stimulus intensity that an organism can detect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

just noticeable difference (JND)

A

smallest difference in stimulus intensity that a specific sense can detect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

signal detection theory

A

detection of stimuli involves decision process as well as sensory process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

subliminal perception

A

registration of sensory input without conscious awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sensory adaptation

A

gradual decline in sensitivity to prolonged stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

light

A

electromagnetic radiation. amplitude is the height, measures brightness. wavelength is between crests, measures hue (color). purity measures saturation (relative amount of whiteness in a picture).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what forms an upside down image of objects on the retina?

A

cornea and lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

lens

A

transparent eye structure that focuses the light rays falling on the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

accommodation

A

when the curvature of the lens adjusts to alter visual focus. lens gets rounder with close objects, flatter with distant objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

nearsightedness

A

close objects clear, distant objects blurry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

farsightedness

A

distant objects clear, close objects blurry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pupil

A

opening in the center of the iris that permits light to pass into the rear chamber of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

retina

A

neural tissue lining the inside back surface of the eye; it absorbs light, processes images, and sends visual information to the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

optic disk

A

hole in the retina where the optic nerve fibers exit the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

arrange from closest to outside to farthest: rods and cones, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, horizontal cells, amacrine cells

A

ganglion cells, amacrine cells, bipolar cells, horizontal cells, rods and cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cones

A

specialized vision receptors that play a key role in daylight vision and color vision and visual acuity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

fovea

A

tiny spot in the center of the retina that contains only cones; visual acuity is greatest at this spot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

rods

A

specialized visual receptors that play a key role in night vision and peripheral vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

dark adaptation

A

the process in which the eyes become more sensitive to light in low illumination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

light adaptation

A

the process whereby the eyes become less sensitive to light in high illumination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

receptive field

A

retinal area that, when stimulated, affects the firing of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

optic chiasm

A

the point at which the optic nerves from inside half of each eye cross over and then project to the opposite half of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

simple cells (vision)

A

respond best to a line of the correct width, oriented at the correct angle, and located in the correct position in its receptive field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

complex cells (vision)

A

care about width and orientation, but respond to any position on their receptive fields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

feature detectors

A

neurons that respond selectively to very specific features of more complex stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

ventral stream

A

“what” pathway: perception of form and color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

dorsal stream

A

“where” pathway: perception of motion and depth

32
Q

visual agnosia

A

inability to recognize objects

33
Q

prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize familiar faces

34
Q

subtractive color mixing

A

removing some wavelengths of light, leaving less light than was originally there. ends in black.

35
Q

additive color mixing

A

superimposing lights, putting more lights in the mixture than exists in any one light by itself. ends in white.

36
Q

color blindness

A

encompasses a variety of deficiencies in the ability to distinguish among colors

37
Q

complementary colors

A

pairs of colors that produce gray tones when mixed together

38
Q

afterimage

A

a visual image that persists after a stimulus is removed

39
Q

opponent process theory

A

color perception depends on receptors that make opposite responses to three pairs of colors.

40
Q

trichromatic theory

A

human eye has three types of receptors : blue, red, green

41
Q

reversible figure

A

a drawing that is compatible with two interpretations that can shift back and forth

42
Q

perceptual set

A

readiness to perceive a stimulus in a particular way

43
Q

inattentional blindness

A

failure to see objects or events because one’s attention is focused elsewhere

44
Q

feature analysis

A

process of detecting certain elements in visual input and assembling them into a more complex form

45
Q

bottom up processing

A

progression from parts to whole

46
Q

top down processing

A

progression from whole to parts

47
Q

subjective contours

A

perception of contours when none actually exist

48
Q

phi phenomenon

A

illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid succession

49
Q

depth perception

A

interpretation of visual clues that indicate how near or far away objects are

50
Q

binocular depth clues

A

clues about distance based on the differing views of the two eyes

51
Q

retinal disparity

A

objects within 25 feet project images to slightly different locations on the right and left retinas, so the right and left eyes see slighly different views of the object

52
Q

visible light

A

400-750 nanometers

53
Q

how long does dark adaptation take?

A

30-45 minutes

54
Q

interactions in retina

A

photoreceptor-bipolar cells-ganglion cells-optic nerve-brain

55
Q

auditory accessory structures

A 
pinna: outer ear flap thing
auditory canal
tympanic membrane: eardrum
malleus: hammer
incus: anvil
stapes: stirrup
56
Q

place theory

A

hair cell (organ of corti) at peak of wave. characteristic frequency

57
Q

frequency theory

A

20 hertz-20firing per second. volley theory-a group of neurons fire simultaneously.

58
Q

what does not go thru the thalamus

A

olfaction (smell). neurons-axons thru bony plate-> into brain. olfactory bulb connects to amygdala (emotion)

59
Q

fast pain pathways & slow pain pathways

A

a-delta fibers & c fibers

60
Q

proprioception

A

know where your body is.

connections: cerebellum (movement), autonomic nervous system (digestion), muscles of eyes (nausea).

61
Q

vestibular sense

A

position of head in space

62
Q

vestibular sacs

A

connect semicircular canals and cochlea. fluid filled. otoliths-ear stones-rest on hair endings.

63
Q

kinesthesia

A

where body parts are in relation to each other

64
Q

transduction

A

sound mechanical energy into neural response

65
Q

in vision and hearing, sensory info route:

A

receptors->sensory nerves-> thalamus-> cerebral cortex

66
Q

doctrine of specific nerve energies

A

stimulation of a particular sensory nerve provides codes for that one sense no matter how the stimulation takes place

67
Q

sound route

A

ear, thalamus, primary auditory cortex, auditory association cortex

68
Q

timbre

A

like being able to hear different instruments. purity or complexity of the sound

69
Q

volume is

A

amplitude

70
Q

pitch is

A

frequency

71
Q

transduction of auditory info takes place in the

A

cochlea

72
Q

neurons fire most rapidly in

A

bright light

73
Q

lateral inhibition

A

contrast between light and dark, exaggerated.

74
Q

visual action potentials that reach thalamus are created by

A

ganglion cells

75
Q

sensation

A

what your senses pick up from physical stimuli

ap psych (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions