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Senses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 5 sense organs?

A

Eyes, nose, ears, tongue and skin

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2
Q

What receptor do eyes have?

What are the stimuli?

A

Light receptors(rods-light and cones-colour)

Light and colour

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3
Q

What receptor do ears have?

And their stimuli?

A

Sound and balance receptors

Sound and balance

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4
Q

What receptors do noses have?

And their stimuli?

A

Taste and smell receptors

Chemical

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5
Q

What receptors do skin have?

And their stimuli?

A

Pressure, heat and touch.

Pressure and heat.

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6
Q

What receptors do tongues have?

And their stimuli?

A

Taste receptors

Bitter, salt, sweet and sour.

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7
Q

What is the yellow spot?

A

It is a concentration of rods and cones and is where the light ideally focuses. This is the most sensitive part of the eye.

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8
Q

What is the pupil?

A

It is a hole in the eye, controlled by the iris (a muscle)which contracts and relaxes, letting light in and out. It adjusts itself to the light so there aren’t excessive amounts of light in the eye.

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9
Q

What is the blind spot?

A

This is where blood vessels and nerves join the eyeball. It has no light sensitive cells.

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10
Q

What is the retina?

A

It is a layer of light sensitive cells.

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11
Q

What is the vitreous humour?

A

It is a jelly which fills the back of the eye.

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12
Q

What is the sclerotic layer?

A

It is a tough white protective layer of the eye.

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13
Q

What is the lens?

A

The lens helps focus the light onto the back of the eye, thus creating a picture.

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14
Q

What are the suspensory ligaments?

A

They hold the lens in place.

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15
Q

What is the cornea?

A

It’s a clear window in the sclerotic in front of the iris. It lets light into the eye.

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16
Q

What is the aqueous humour?

A

A watery liquid in the front of the eye.

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17
Q

What is the conjunctiva?

A

It’s a thin clear skin which covers the front of the eye.

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18
Q

What are ciliary muscles?

A

They change the shape of the lens during focusing.

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19
Q

What’s the optic nerve?

A

It’s the nerve from the eye to the brain.

20
Q

How does the tongue detect taste?

A

Our taste buds pick up the stimuli salt, bitter, sweet and sour.

21
Q

How does sound travel?

why cant sound travel through a vacuum?

A

Sound is a vibration of the air particles hitting each other and they travel in a wave into the ear.

Sound can’t travel through a vacuum because there aren’t any air particles for sound to actually happen.

22
Q

Name a musical instrument and state how it makes sound.

A

A violin: the bow vibrates the metal strings which vibrate air particles and make the particles start moving.

23
Q

Is it faster for sound to travel through solid, liquid or gas? Why?

A

Solid. The particles are close together so the vibrations move from one particle to another very quickly.

24
Q

What is the most sensitive part of the body? Why is this useful?

A

Hands. Many delicate tasks are done with hands so the more information the brain gets through nerves, the more fragile a job the hands can do.

25
Q

What is noise?

A

Unwanted sound

26
Q

What is an echo?

A

It’s a reflection of sound off a surface.. The sound waves hit a surface and return to the ears of the sound maker.

27
Q

What is the pinea?

A

It’s the outer ear.

28
Q

What’s the outer ear canal?

A

The sound vibrations travel along the ear canal to the ear drum. It is a passage to the ear drum.

29
Q

What’s the ear drum?

A

When sound reaches, the ear drum vibrates in and out. This makes the ossicles vibrate.

30
Q

What are the ossicles?

A

They are connected to another. When the ossicles vibrate they cause the oval window to vibrate in and out. The ossicles magnify sound.

31
Q

What’s the oval window?

A

It is connected to the cochlea. When is vibrates in and out, it causes vibrations to move through to the cochlea.

32
Q

What is the cochlea?

A

The cochlea contains a carpet of tiny hairs which are connected to nerves. Vibrations in the cochlea cause these hairs to vibrate up and down sending messages to the brain.

33
Q

What is the auditory nerve?

A

This transmits impulses from the cochlea to the brain.

34
Q

What are the semi-circular canals?

A

These are not involved in hearing but help us balance and tell us which way we move our head by using fluid in the ear.

35
Q

Name two ways of going deaf from loud noises.

A

The tiny hairs in the cochlea die out / loud noises burst your ear drum!

36
Q

What is a human’s general auditory range?

A

20Hz - 20000Hz

37
Q

What is the unit of frequency?

A

Hertz.

38
Q

What is the unit for measuring the loudness of sound?

A

Decibels.

39
Q

How do we see objects with our eyes?

A

Light reflects off the object into our eyes. Light is bent as it passes through the lens. An upside-down picture of the object is focused on a layer called the retina. The retina sends messages to the brain which allows us to see the image the right way up.

40
Q

What does wavelength tell us about sound?

A

If the distance between the two crests or troughs is large the sound is high pitched. Wavelength is pitch and the larger the width between a trough the higher the pitch. So the smaller the width the lower the pitch.

41
Q

What does frequency tell us about a sound?

A

The number of waves passing one point per second. This corresponds to the pitch of the sound. The more waves passing a point per second, the higher the frequency.

42
Q

What does amplitude tell us about sound?

A

The height of a sound wave or the depth of a trough. This corresponds to how loud the sound is. The higher the wave, the louder the sound.

43
Q

Give an example of a luminous object. Why do we call it luminous?

A

The sun. A luminous object is an object that produces light. A mirror is NOT luminous as it doesn’t produce light, it just reflects light.

44
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

Incident ray = reflection ray

Whatever the angle of the incident ray, the reflection ray will always be the same.

45
Q

How do you measure the angles of reflection of incidence?

A

You draw a straight line of ‘normality’ done the middle of the mirror on the surface. You place your ray of light where you want and draw the angle. After wards you measure the angle on the paper using a protractor.

46
Q

What needs to be done to taste and smell chemical before they are detected?

A

They need to be dissolved in water to affect special sense cells.

Science (19 decks)

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