Senses

Question 1

Free nerve endings

Answer 1

Senses pain, touch, temperature, and pressure

Question 2

Meissner’s corpuscles

Answer 2

Encapsulated nerve endings found in hairless skin to detect light touch

Question 3

Merkel’s disk

Answer 3

Direct light touch and pressure within epidermis

Question 4

Hair follicle receptors

Answer 4

Detect movement of hair

Question 5

Ruffinis corpuscles

Answer 5

Detect deep pressure and stretching of skin

Question 6

Pacinian corpuscles

Answer 6

Encapsulated nerve endings that detect deep pressure and vibrations

Question 7

External anatomy of the eye

Answer 7

• covered with an eyelid
• corners are lateral and medial
• lined with lashes
• conjunctiva (thin membrane) covers the surface of eye and inside of eyelid. secretes mucus to lubricate the eye
• lacrimal apparatus

Question 8

Lacrimal apparatus

Answer 8

lubricate the eye as tears move from lacrimal gland, across eye and towards the nasal cavity

Question 9

Sclera

Answer 9

white of the eye
- fibrous connective tissue
-protects and shapes the eye

Question 10

Choroid

Answer 10

pigmented, vascular membrane (iris and pupil)

Question 11

Retina

Answer 11

contains photoreceptors that turn light into impulses

Question 12

Aqueous humor

Answer 12

nourishes cornea (in front of lens)

Question 13

Vitreous humor

Answer 13

• jelly like, refracts light (behind lens)

Question 14

Fovea centralis

Answer 14

tiny pit that only contains cones. point of sharpest image

Question 15

Rods

Answer 15

• all over retina
• vision in low light
• extremely sensitive
• more off to the sides of retina

Question 16

Cones

Answer 16

• concentrated in the center of retina
• detects colors
• less sensitive

Question 17

Myopia

Answer 17

• eye is too long, light converges in front of the retina (near sighted)
• glasses can help to refract light so it converges on the correct spot

Question 18

Hyperopia

Answer 18

• eye is too short. light converges behind the retina (farsighted)

Question 19

Optic nerve

Answer 19

carries impulses to the brain, creates blindspot where it meets retina

Question 20

How do you taste flavors?

Answer 20

Smell & taste combined

Question 21

Where are chemoreceptors found?

Answer 21

On the tounge, in the papillae

Question 22

What do chemoreceptors do?

Answer 22

(Gustatory cell) respond to molecules dissolved in saliva, then depolarize sending signals to the brain through 3 facial nerves

Question 23

What do olfactory receptors do?

Answer 23

In the olfactory epithelium - distinguish different molecules
- sniffing brings those molecules into contact with the olfactory receptors
- accomodation = constant contact with a substance causes accomodation (insensitivity)

Question 24

What is the process of hearing (steps)

Answer 24

1 - sound waves enter outer ear and travel down ear canal
2 - the tympanic membrane vibrates and sends the vibrations to the middle ear bones (ossicles)
3 - the ossicles amplify the vibrations and send then to the inner ear
4 - within the cochlean, the organ of corti is filled with stereocilia that transmit the mechanical electrical impulses
5 - the electrical impulse travels through the auditory nerve towards the brain which interprets the impulse

Question 25

Semicircular canals

Answer 25

• signal to the brain via vestibular nerve
• static equilibrium - head upright at rest

Question 26

Tympanic membrane

Answer 26

• aka eardrum
• passes vibrations from outer ear to ossicles

Question 27

Cochlea

Answer 27

• contains fluid in organ of corti
• the fluid vibrates basilar membrane, receptor cells vibrate tectorial membrane, action potential begins

Question 28

Auditory nerve

Answer 28

• vibrations are recieved by mechanoreceptors and passed to the brain

Question 29

Stapes (stirrup)

Answer 29

transmits vibrations to the inner ear

Question 30

Incus (anvil)

Answer 30

continues to amplify sound waves and vibrates stapes

Question 31

Malleus (hammer)

Answer 31

vibrates against eardrum and passes vibrations to incus

Question 32

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 32

• detect movement, tension, and pressure

Question 33

Photoreceptors

Answer 33

detect variations in light

Question 33

Chemoreceptors

Answer 33

detect chemicals (taste, smell, blood, CO2)

Question 34

Thermoreceptors

Answer 34

detects heat

Question 35

Pain receptors

Answer 35

respond to tissue damage