Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DAT Bio > Sense Organs > Flashcards

Sense Organs Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the functions of the tongue?

A

The tongue’s functions are:

  • Swallowing
  • Perception (can detect taste, texture, pain, pressure, heat, etc)
  • Speech
  • Respiration
  • jaw development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles function in the tongue?

A

The extrinsic muscles in the tongue:

  • Move the tongue in and out of the mouth
  • Move the tongue from side to side

The intrinsic muscles of the tongue:
- Alter the shape of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are taste buds?

A
  • Taste buds are modified epithelial cells that act as taste receptors.
  • Most are associated with nipple like projections called papillae
  • About 3000 taste buds are on the tongue
  • There are 4 primary taste sensations: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are Von Ebner’s glands?

A

Von Ebner’s glands surround the papillae and secrete salivary lipase, beginning the process of lipid breakdown (hydrolysis) in the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the eye analyze?

A

The eye analyzes form, light intensity, and color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the sclera?

A

The sclera is the white part of the eye

  • Tough connective tissue made up of collagen bundles
  • It is avascular
  • Has sensory receptors for pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the cornea?

A

The Cornea allows light into the eye

  • avascular
  • When light hits the cornea, it bends (refracts) the incoming light into the lens of the eye.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the choroid?

A

Highly vascular thin layer that lines most of the internal sclera surface.
- Melanocytes containing pigments are here which can absorb the light that photoreceptors have not and prevents light scattering in the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the Iris?

A

The Iris is the colored portion of the eye and is continuous with the choroid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Pupil?

A

The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris that controls how much light enters the eye.

  • Sympathetic stimulation: dilates pupil
  • Parasympathetic stimulation: constricts pupil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Lens?

A

The lens is located behind the pupil

  • It focuses light onto the retina.
  • The ciliary muscle will change the shape of the lens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the ciliary muscle?

A

The ciliary muscle is a muscle in the eye that changes the shape of the lens.

  • For distant viewing it relaxes and flattens the lens
  • For close up viewing it contracts and the lens becomes more spherical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Retina?

A

The retina is the posterior portion of the eye that contains the photoreceptors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are rods?

A

Rods are a type of photoreceptor

  • Dim light
  • Black and white vision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are cones?

A

Cones are a type of photoreceptor

  • Provide color vision
  • Respond well to daylight
  • provide visual acuity (ability to perceive numbers and letters at a distance)
  • concentrated in the center of the retina in a depression called the fovea centralis.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Fovea Centralis?

A

The Fovea Centralis is a depression in the center of the retina where the largest concentration of cones is.

  • This is the area of keenest vision
  • There are no rods here
  • NB: Common DAT question
17
Q

How do rods and cones vary from animal to animal?

A

Animals all have a different breakdown of rods vs cones.

- Nocturnal animals have a larger proportion of rods for night time vision

18
Q

What is the optic disc?

A

The optic disc is the area of the eye where the optic nerve leaves.

  • There are no photoreceptors here, so it’s a physiological blind spot
  • It’s insensitive to light here.
19
Q

What is the vitreous humor?

A

Vitreous humor is a jellylike substance that maintains eyeball shape

  • makes up 80% of the eye
  • Very few cells are found here
  • Phagocytes are found here to help clean up cellular debris
20
Q

What is aqueous humor?

A

Aqueous humor is a clear, slightly alkaline fluid found in the anterior and posterior eye chambers.

  • It resembles blood plasma, but has less protein and glucose.
  • It is involved with water removal
  • It brings O2 and nutrients to the eye
21
Q

What is rhodopsin?

A

Rhodopsin (aka Visual Purple) is a pigment-containing sensory protein that converts light into an electrical signal.

  • This pigment is found in Rods
  • Very sensitive to light, and allows us to see in dim light
  • When rhodopsin absorbs light, it isomerizes its conformation from cis to trans. This conformational change causes an electrical signal to be sent to the brain and a visual image is seen
  • Much is still not understood about this mechanism
22
Q

What organisms can perceive sound?

A

Many arthropods and most vertebrates can perceive sound.

23
Q

What is sound?

A

Sound is a wave of compressed air

24
Q

What is the external ear?

A

The external ear consists of the:

  • Pinna: The outer ear that you touch
  • Auditory Canal: Collects the sound waves that enter the ear
  • Tympanic membrane (ear drum): Sound waves are channelled here via the auditory canal. The tympanic membrane vibrates in response to the sound wave.
25
Q

What is the Pinna?

A

The Pinna is the outer ear portion that you can touch. It funnels sound into the auditory canal.

26
Q

What is the auditory canal?

A

The auditory canal is a part of the external ear that funnels sound inward to the tympanic membrane from the pinna.

27
Q

What is the tympanic membrane?

A

The tympanic membrane is the ear drum.

  • It is a part of the external ear
  • It vibrates in response to sound waves
  • It transfers the vibrations to the three bones of the middle ear: Malleus, Incus, Stapes
28
Q

What are the three bones of the Middle Ear?

A

The three bones of the middle ear are the Malleus, Incus, and Stapes.

  • They receive vibrations from the tympanic membrane and transfer it to the oval window.
  • Superficial to Deep the bones are Malleus, Incus, Stapes (More incoming sound)
29
Q

What is the middle ear?

A

The middle ear consists of:

  • The bridge of bones (Malleus, Incus, Stapes) that transfers vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.
  • The oval window is a membrane that cause vibrations to move to the inner ear.
  • The Eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx and ensures that pressure is equalized on either side of the tympanic membrane.
30
Q

What is the Eustachian tube?

A

The Eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx, enabling equal pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane.

31
Q

What is the oval window?

A

The oval window is a membrane that receives vibrations from the Malleus, Incus, and Stapes and transfers the vibrations to the inner ear.

32
Q

What is the inner ear?

A

The inner ear consists of fluid-filled channels in the bones of the skull

  • The Cochlea is one of these channels and is involved with hearing.
  • The Utricle is a semicircular canal involved with balance
  • The Saccule is another semicircular canal involved with balance
33
Q

What is the Cochlea?

A

The Cochlea is a fluid filled channel in the bones of the skull.

  • It is a snail like structure
  • Contains a sensory response called the Organ of Corti that holds the hair cells, the nerve receptors of hearing. These are the mechanoreceptors of the ear.
34
Q

What do the Utricle and Saccule do?

A

The Utricle and Saccule are fluid filled canals that use hairlike structures to detect movement and help with balance.

  • Saccule detects movement in the vertical plane
  • Utricle detects movement in the horizontal plane
35
Q

How is sound transferred from the inner ear to nerve impulses to the brain?

A
  • The oval window transmits vibrations to the cochlea.
  • The fluid in the cochlea stimulate tiny hair cells
  • The signals from these hair cells are changed into nerve impulses.
  • The nerve impulses are transferred to the brain via the auditory nerve.
36
Q

What could cause deafness?

A

There are several things that can cause deafness:

  • Cochlea damage
  • Auditory nerve damage
  • Vibration transmittance to the inner ear is hindered
  • Loud sounds
37
Q

How do insects detect sound?

A

Insects use a tympanic membrane which allows sound waves to vibrate and receptor cells convert the sound waves into nerve impulses

38
Q

How do fish detect sound?

A
  • Fish lack a tympanic membrane and cochlea.
  • Many fish conduct sound waves through a series of bones.
  • Mechanoreceptors are able to detect sound waves which are converted into neuronal signals.

DAT Bio (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions