Development - Types of Organisms Flashcards
1
Q
Mollusks
A
- Snails, Oysters, Clams, Squids, Octopuses, other marine organisms
- protostome: Mouth forms first then anus
- Most have a hard shell of CaCO3
- Most have an open circulatory system where fluid called hemolymph moves in cavities and sinuses
- Coelomates (have a fluid filled body cavity where digestive occurs)
2
Q
Arthropods
A
- Most successful of all animal phyla and the largest
- protostome: Mouth forms first then anus
- Insects are here
- Crustaceans like crayfish, lobster, and shrimp
- Spiders, scorpions, mites, millipedes, etc.
- Segmented bodies, efficient nervous system and sensory organs
- Hard chitinous exoskeleton - Can be shed
- jointed appendages: This really allows for success (escape from predators, move around, fight, hunt for food)
- Have eyes with thousands of photoreceptors
- Open circulatory system
- Most insects use tracheal systems for gas exchange
3
Q
Malpighian tubules
A
Grasshoppers use these for metabolic waste removal
4
Q
Annelids
A
- Think worms
- protostome: Mouth forms first then anus
- Closed circulatory system (blood moves through vessels)
- Segmentation
- Use setae to move, which provide them the traction they need to burrow and crawl through soil
- Have ganglia: cluster of nerve cells that is involved for control of local activity
- Have nephridia: A tubule open to the environment which is used as the functional unit of excretion, it regulates body fluid composition and volumes.
- coelomates
5
Q
Open circulatory system
A
- Blood, lymph, and intestinal fluid are combined to form a fluid called hemolymph.
- This circulates the body, but not in vessels. It instead suffuses through the whole body and can be open to the environment like the opening of the digestive tract. (think of that disgusting stuff grasshoppers throw up)
6
Q
setae
A
Bristle or hair like structures in invertebrates that provide them the traction they need to burrow and crawl through soil
7
Q
nephridia
A
A tubule open to the environment which is used as the functional unit of excretion, it regulates body fluid composition and volumes.
8
Q
Echinoderms
A
- Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers
- These are deuterostomes: anus forms first, followed by mouth formation.
- have radial symmetry (symmetry in all directions)
- Nervous system is decentralized (no brain): This allows organisms with radial symmetry to avoid predators from all directions
- Water vascular system (unique to them): series of canals that are involved with movement (locomotion), gas exchange, and even obtaining food sources,
9
Q
Chordates
A
- Fish, amphibians, birds, mammals, reptiles, tunicates, lancelets
- These are deuterostomes: anus forms first, followed by mouth formation.
- Bilateral symmetry
- have a notochord: provides skeletal support (in humans these become the intervertebral discs)
- Dorsal hollow nerve chord (unique to chordates): Develops into the brain and spinal cord
- Pharyngeal gill slits for gas exchange
- Muscular post anal tail
- Tunicates and amphioxus are classified as chordates, but are invertebrates
10
Q
Cnidaria
A
- Hydras, jellyfish, corals, sea anemones
- Unique stinging cells called nematocysts
- Painful stings result
- A single cnidarian tentacle could contain thousands of nematocysts
11
Q
Platyhelminthes
A
- Flatworms like tapeworms and flukes
- unsegmented
- acoelomates: a solid body animal lacking a body cavity
12
Q
acoelomates
A
- a solid body animal lacking a body cavity
- platyhelminthes
13
Q
Porifera
A
- Includes sponges
- Have choanocytes to trap food
14
Q
Nematode
A
- Includes hookworms and pinworms (round worms)
- No circulatory system
- psedocoelomates
15
Q
Coelomates:
A
- Having a body cavity filled with liquid
- mollusks
- annelids
- arthropods
- echinoderms
- mammals
- chordates
