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A&P 1 > Sense organs > Flashcards

Sense organs Flashcards

1
Q

Accommodation

A

Focusing of the lens of the eye to allow close-up and distant vision.

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2
Q

Ampulla

A

Enlargement in each semicircular canal that contains the receptor structure (crista)

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3
Q

Analgesia

A

Decreased perception of pain

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4
Q

Anterior chamber

A

Portion of the aqueous compartment of the eye in front of the Iris

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5
Q

Aqueous compartment

A
  1. Compartment of the eye in front of the lens and ciliary body that contains aqueous humor
  2. Divided into anterior and posterior chambers by the iris
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6
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Watery fluid that fills the aqueous compartment of the eye that is produced and drained from the anterior chamber by the canal of Schlemm

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7
Q

Bulbar conjunctiva

A

Transparent membrane that covers the front portion of the eyeball

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8
Q

Canal of Schlemm

A
  1. Structure that drains aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye.
  2. Located at edge of the anterior chamber where Iris and cornea meet.
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9
Q

Canthus

A

Corner of the eyelids where they come together.

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10
Q

Choroid

A
  1. Portion of the uvea that consists mainly of blood vessels and pigment.
  2. Located between the sclera and retina.
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11
Q

Ciliary body

A

Ring-shaped portion of the uvea located immediately behind the Iris and contains the ciliary muscles that adjust the shape of the lens and the cells that produce aqueous humor.

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12
Q

Ciliary muscles

A

Multi unit smooth muscles of the ciliary body that adjusts the shape of the lens.

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13
Q

Cochlear duct

A

Long, fluid-filled tube that runs the length of the cochlea and contains the organ of Corti

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14
Q

Cones

A

Photoreceptors in the retina that perceive color and detail

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15
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Thin, transparent membrane that covers the front portion of the eyeball and lines the interior surfaces of the eyelid

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16
Q

Conjunctival sac

A

Space between bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva.

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17
Q

Cornea

A

Clear window on the front of the eyeball that admits light to the interior of the eye and is part of the outer fibrous layer

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18
Q

Crista ampullaris

A

Receptor structure of the semicircular canals

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19
Q

Cupula

A

Gelatinous structure that sits on top of the receptor hairs in the crista ampullaris is of the semicircular canals

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20
Q

Endolymph

A

Fluid in the receptor structures of the inner ear

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21
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Tube that connects the middle ear cavity with the pharynx and allows equalization of the air pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane

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22
Q

External auditory canal

A

Tube that begins at the base of the pinna and carries sound waves to the tympanic membrane.

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23
Q

External ear

A

Outer portion of the ear. Contains pinna, external auditory canal, and tympanic membrane

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24
Q

Extraocular muscles

A

Small skeletal muscles that move and position the eyeball

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25
Eyelids
Conjunctiva-lined folds of skin that protect and cover the eyeball
26
Fundus of the eye
Caudal interior surface of the eye that includes the retina and optic disc
27
General senses
1. Senses that are distributed throughout the body. | 2. Receptors are simple and keep the CNS informed about general conditions inside and outside the body
28
Gustatory sense
Sense of taste
29
Inner ear
Most internal portion of the ear contained within the temporal bone and contains hearing and equilibrium structures
30
Lacrimal apparatus
Tear-producing and draining structures of the eye
31
Lacrimal gland
Main tear-producing gland located dorsal and lateral to the eyeball inside the bony orbit
32
Lacrimal puncta
Openings in the eyelid margins located near the medial canthi that drain tears away from the eye
33
Limbus
Junction of the cornea and sclera
34
Macula
Part of sensory epithelium in the vestibule of the inner ear that senses head position and that consists of hair cells converted by a gelatinous mass containing otoliths.
35
Meibomian glands
Tarsal glands of the eyelid margins that produce a waxy substance that helps prevent tears from overflowing on the face
36
Middle ear
1. Air-filled cavity in temporal bone that contains ossicles and opening of the Eustachian tube. 2. Amplifies and transmits sound wave vibrations from eardrum to the cochlea
37
Modulation
Dorsal horn neurons in the spinal cord can amplify or suppress pain impulses before they reach the brain
38
Nasolacrimal duct
Tube that carries tears from the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity
39
Nictitating membrane
Thin, translucent third eyelid that moves across the eye to moisten and protect the eye. No muscles attach to it.
40
Nociception
Pain perception
41
Nociceptors
Pain receptors
42
Optic disc
Area of retina where nerve fibers on its surface converge to form the beginning of the optic nerve. Contains no photoreceptors
43
Organ of Corti
1. Receptor organ of hearing located in the cochlea that consists of hair cells with a gelatinous structure resting on the hairs surrounded by fluid. 2. Vibrations of fluid cause distortion of the hairs, which generate nerve impulses that are interpreted by the brain as sound.
44
Otoliths
Tiny crystals of calcium carbonate that lie in the gelatinous matrix that covers the hair cells of the macula.
45
Oval window
1. Membrane-covered opening into the cochlea that the stapes lies against. 2. Vibrations of the oval window membrane move the fluid in the cochlea, which stimulates the organ of Corti
46
Palpebral conjunctiva
Transparent membrane that lines the inner portion of the eyelid
47
Photoreceptors
Rods and cones that convert photons of light energy to nerve impulses that are interpreted by the brain as vision
48
Pinna
Externally visible part of the ear that collects sound waves and funnels them into the external ear canal
49
Posterior chamber
Portion of the aqueous compartment of the eye behind the Iris
50
Pressure
Sense of something pressure on the body surface
51
Proprioception
Sense of body position and movement
52
Pupil
Opening in the center of the Iris
53
Retina
Inner nervous layer of the eye where photoreceptors are located.
54
Rods
Photoreceptors in the retina that perceive dim light images in shades of gray
55
Round window
Membrane covered opening into the cochlea that functions as a pressure relief device
56
Saccule
One of two saclike spaces in the vestibule that contain sensory structure that monitor head position
57
Sclera
White portion of the eyeball that is part of the outer fibrous layer
58
Semicircular canals
Three semicircular canals in each inner ear that are part of the vestibular system and sense rotary motion of the head
59
Special senses
Taste, smell, hearing, equilibrium, and vision
60
Suspensory ligaments
Tiny ligaments that attach to the periphery of the lens of the eye and connect it to the ciliary body
61
Tapetum lucidum
Highly reflective area of the choroid in the eye that acts to amplify light to improve vision in dim lighting
62
Tectorial membrane
Gelatinous sheet that lies on the hair cells of the organ of Corti that bend the hairs to create sensory nerve impulses that turn into sound interpretation
63
Transduction
Conversion of a sensory impulse to a nerve impulse
64
Transmission
Conduction of a nerve impulse along a nerve fiber
65
Utricle
One of two saclike spaces in the vestibule of the inner ear that contain sensory structures that monitor head position
66
Uvea
Middle, vascular layer of the eye that contains the choroid, ciliary body, and the Iris
67
Vestibule of the ear
Portion of the inner ear that senses head position and contains the utricle and saccule
68
Visceral sensations
Inner body sensations that include hunger, thirst, and hollow organ stretching
69
Vitreous compartment
Compartment of the eye behind the lens and ciliary body that contains vitreous humor
70
Vitreous humor
Soft, gelatinous fluid that fills the vitreous compartment of the eye

A&P 1 (8 decks)

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