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A&P 1 > Sense organs > Flashcards

Sense organs Flashcards

1
Q

Accommodation

A

Focusing of the lens of the eye to allow close-up and distant vision.

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2
Q

Ampulla

A

Enlargement in each semicircular canal that contains the receptor structure (crista)

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3
Q

Analgesia

A

Decreased perception of pain

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4
Q

Anterior chamber

A

Portion of the aqueous compartment of the eye in front of the Iris

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5
Q

Aqueous compartment

A
  1. Compartment of the eye in front of the lens and ciliary body that contains aqueous humor
  2. Divided into anterior and posterior chambers by the iris
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6
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Watery fluid that fills the aqueous compartment of the eye that is produced and drained from the anterior chamber by the canal of Schlemm

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7
Q

Bulbar conjunctiva

A

Transparent membrane that covers the front portion of the eyeball

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8
Q

Canal of Schlemm

A
  1. Structure that drains aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye.
  2. Located at edge of the anterior chamber where Iris and cornea meet.
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9
Q

Canthus

A

Corner of the eyelids where they come together.

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10
Q

Choroid

A
  1. Portion of the uvea that consists mainly of blood vessels and pigment.
  2. Located between the sclera and retina.
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11
Q

Ciliary body

A

Ring-shaped portion of the uvea located immediately behind the Iris and contains the ciliary muscles that adjust the shape of the lens and the cells that produce aqueous humor.

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12
Q

Ciliary muscles

A

Multi unit smooth muscles of the ciliary body that adjusts the shape of the lens.

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13
Q

Cochlear duct

A

Long, fluid-filled tube that runs the length of the cochlea and contains the organ of Corti

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14
Q

Cones

A

Photoreceptors in the retina that perceive color and detail

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15
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Thin, transparent membrane that covers the front portion of the eyeball and lines the interior surfaces of the eyelid

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16
Q

Conjunctival sac

A

Space between bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva.

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17
Q

Cornea

A

Clear window on the front of the eyeball that admits light to the interior of the eye and is part of the outer fibrous layer

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18
Q

Crista ampullaris

A

Receptor structure of the semicircular canals

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19
Q

Cupula

A

Gelatinous structure that sits on top of the receptor hairs in the crista ampullaris is of the semicircular canals

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20
Q

Endolymph

A

Fluid in the receptor structures of the inner ear

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21
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Tube that connects the middle ear cavity with the pharynx and allows equalization of the air pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane

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22
Q

External auditory canal

A

Tube that begins at the base of the pinna and carries sound waves to the tympanic membrane.

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23
Q

External ear

A

Outer portion of the ear. Contains pinna, external auditory canal, and tympanic membrane

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24
Q

Extraocular muscles

A

Small skeletal muscles that move and position the eyeball

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25
Q

Eyelids

A

Conjunctiva-lined folds of skin that protect and cover the eyeball

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26
Q

Fundus of the eye

A

Caudal interior surface of the eye that includes the retina and optic disc

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27
Q

General senses

A
  1. Senses that are distributed throughout the body.

2. Receptors are simple and keep the CNS informed about general conditions inside and outside the body

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28
Q

Gustatory sense

A

Sense of taste

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29
Q

Inner ear

A

Most internal portion of the ear contained within the temporal bone and contains hearing and equilibrium structures

30
Q

Lacrimal apparatus

A

Tear-producing and draining structures of the eye

31
Q

Lacrimal gland

A

Main tear-producing gland located dorsal and lateral to the eyeball inside the bony orbit

32
Q

Lacrimal puncta

A

Openings in the eyelid margins located near the medial canthi that drain tears away from the eye

33
Q

Limbus

A

Junction of the cornea and sclera

34
Q

Macula

A

Part of sensory epithelium in the vestibule of the inner ear that senses head position and that consists of hair cells converted by a gelatinous mass containing otoliths.

35
Q

Meibomian glands

A

Tarsal glands of the eyelid margins that produce a waxy substance that helps prevent tears from overflowing on the face

36
Q

Middle ear

A
  1. Air-filled cavity in temporal bone that contains ossicles and opening of the Eustachian tube.
  2. Amplifies and transmits sound wave vibrations from eardrum to the cochlea
37
Q

Modulation

A

Dorsal horn neurons in the spinal cord can amplify or suppress pain impulses before they reach the brain

38
Q

Nasolacrimal duct

A

Tube that carries tears from the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity

39
Q

Nictitating membrane

A

Thin, translucent third eyelid that moves across the eye to moisten and protect the eye. No muscles attach to it.

40
Q

Nociception

A

Pain perception

41
Q

Nociceptors

A

Pain receptors

42
Q

Optic disc

A

Area of retina where nerve fibers on its surface converge to form the beginning of the optic nerve. Contains no photoreceptors

43
Q

Organ of Corti

A
  1. Receptor organ of hearing located in the cochlea that consists of hair cells with a gelatinous structure resting on the hairs surrounded by fluid.
  2. Vibrations of fluid cause distortion of the hairs, which generate nerve impulses that are interpreted by the brain as sound.
44
Q

Otoliths

A

Tiny crystals of calcium carbonate that lie in the gelatinous matrix that covers the hair cells of the macula.

45
Q

Oval window

A
  1. Membrane-covered opening into the cochlea that the stapes lies against.
  2. Vibrations of the oval window membrane move the fluid in the cochlea, which stimulates the organ of Corti
46
Q

Palpebral conjunctiva

A

Transparent membrane that lines the inner portion of the eyelid

47
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Rods and cones that convert photons of light energy to nerve impulses that are interpreted by the brain as vision

48
Q

Pinna

A

Externally visible part of the ear that collects sound waves and funnels them into the external ear canal

49
Q

Posterior chamber

A

Portion of the aqueous compartment of the eye behind the Iris

50
Q

Pressure

A

Sense of something pressure on the body surface

51
Q

Proprioception

A

Sense of body position and movement

52
Q

Pupil

A

Opening in the center of the Iris

53
Q

Retina

A

Inner nervous layer of the eye where photoreceptors are located.

54
Q

Rods

A

Photoreceptors in the retina that perceive dim light images in shades of gray

55
Q

Round window

A

Membrane covered opening into the cochlea that functions as a pressure relief device

56
Q

Saccule

A

One of two saclike spaces in the vestibule that contain sensory structure that monitor head position

57
Q

Sclera

A

White portion of the eyeball that is part of the outer fibrous layer

58
Q

Semicircular canals

A

Three semicircular canals in each inner ear that are part of the vestibular system and sense rotary motion of the head

59
Q

Special senses

A

Taste, smell, hearing, equilibrium, and vision

60
Q

Suspensory ligaments

A

Tiny ligaments that attach to the periphery of the lens of the eye and connect it to the ciliary body

61
Q

Tapetum lucidum

A

Highly reflective area of the choroid in the eye that acts to amplify light to improve vision in dim lighting

62
Q

Tectorial membrane

A

Gelatinous sheet that lies on the hair cells of the organ of Corti that bend the hairs to create sensory nerve impulses that turn into sound interpretation

63
Q

Transduction

A

Conversion of a sensory impulse to a nerve impulse

64
Q

Transmission

A

Conduction of a nerve impulse along a nerve fiber

65
Q

Utricle

A

One of two saclike spaces in the vestibule of the inner ear that contain sensory structures that monitor head position

66
Q

Uvea

A

Middle, vascular layer of the eye that contains the choroid, ciliary body, and the Iris

67
Q

Vestibule of the ear

A

Portion of the inner ear that senses head position and contains the utricle and saccule

68
Q

Visceral sensations

A

Inner body sensations that include hunger, thirst, and hollow organ stretching

69
Q

Vitreous compartment

A

Compartment of the eye behind the lens and ciliary body that contains vitreous humor

70
Q

Vitreous humor

A

Soft, gelatinous fluid that fills the vitreous compartment of the eye

A&P 1 (8 decks)

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