Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P 1 > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

Root Hair Plexus

A

Arrangement of sensory nerves located at the root of the hair follicle that enables it to sense touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sebaceous Gland

A

Simple holocrine glands that secrete sebum through the hair follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Root

A

Anchor of the hair that attaches it to the connective tissue layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Secondary Hair

A

The smaller, yet most numerous hairs in an animal’s undercoat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Shaft

A

Keratinized, visible portion of hair that extends above the surface of the epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sinus Hairs

A

“Tactile hairs”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sebum

A

Secretion of the sebaceous gland containing oils and epithelial cells that is released into the hair follicle to lubricate the hair and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Velvet Skin

A

Soft skin on deer antlers that provides a vascular source necessary during the early seasonal growth of the antler, and is often eaten by the buck due to its high nutritive value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Wool-type Hairs

A

Hair coat composed primarily of secondary hairs seen in sheep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ungula

A

“Hoof”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stratum Germinativum

A
  1. “Stratum basale”
  2. Base layer of the epidermis composed of a single layer of cuboidal cells that divide to replenish the superficial layer of the epidermis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

Granular layer of epidermis located between the stratum germinativum and the stratum lucidum, that contains keratohyaline and lamellated granules that aids in waterproofing skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

Prickle cell layer of the epidermis that is located between the stratum germinativum and the stratum granulosum, that is weblike and dense with intercellular attachments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tylotrich Hairs

A

Hairs that aid in the perception of touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ungulate

A

Hooved animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

Clear layer of epidermis located beneath the stratum cornerman, that is present in only very thick skin (like paw pads)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tyrosine Melanin

A

Pigment that produces brown-black colors in hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Telogen Effluvium

A
  1. “Blowing the coat”
  2. Overall hair loss that occurs from hair follicles being in a synchronized telegenic phase due to stress, medication, malnutrition, or hormonal changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Stratum Corneum

A
  1. “Horny layer”

2. Most superficial layer of epidermis whose cells are dead remnants of keratinocytes and are anucleated & keratinized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

5 Epidermal Layers

A
  1. Stratum germinativum/basale
  2. Stratum spinosum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum lucidum
  5. Stratum corneum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Telogen Phase

A

Resting phase of hair growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tactile Hairs

A

Hairs sensitive to touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tactile Elevations

A

Small elevations located throughout the epidermal surface that usually contains a tactile hair and is important in the perception of touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Primary Hairs

A

Large straight hairs predominant in complex hair follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Polled Breeds
Hornless animals from species that normally produce horns, and are specifically bred for this trait
26
Pigmentation
Degree of coloration that depends on the concentration of melanin (more melanin = darker color)
27
Pheomelanin
Sulfur-based yellow-brown pigment that produces a reddish color in hair
28
Papilla
1. Nipplelike protuberance or 2. Depressions in the death tracts that give rise to new feathers
29
Pacinian Corpuscle
Tactile nerve endings in the subcutaneous tissue of the skin that sense deep and heavy pressure
30
Merkel’s Cells
Cells located in small numbers in the epidermal-dermal junction that aid in tactile sensory function
31
Melanosomes
Granules filled with melanin that are transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes
32
Melanocyte
Cell located within the lower epidermis that produces tyrosinase and melanin
33
Melanin
Sulferous pigment produced by melanocytes in the skin, hair, choroid of the eye, and melanomas
34
Meissner’s Corpuscles
Oval tactile nerve endings found within the dermal papillae of the epidermis that are sensitive to light tough and often occur in areas with no hair follicles
35
Medulla
Innermost layer of a hair strand that is made of 2-3 layers of flexible soft keratin
36
Lanolin
Fat-based secretions of sheep’s sebaceous glands that are often used in lotions and ointments
37
Langerhans Cells
Macrophages of the epidermis that phagocytize invading microorganisms and serve as antigen-presenting cells
38
Keratinocytes
1. Cells that synthesize keratin 2. As they travel away from the basement membrane toward the superficial epithelium, they lose their organelles to make way for keratin. The cells die by the time they reach the surface
39
Keratinization
Formation of keratin inside epithelial cells of the skin as they mature
40
Keratin Fibers
Strong strands of fibrous keratin that are insoluble in water
41
Keratin
Tough waterproof protein that is a major component of the epidermis and makes up scales, beaks, claws, fathers, nails, hair, horns, & hooves
42
Interdigital Pouch
Pouch of cutaneous tissue found between the toes of cloven-hooved animals that exudes a waxy substance
43
Integumentary/Integumentary System
Outer covering of the body that consists of skin, nails, hair, hooves, horns, etc.
44
Inguinal Pouch
1. “Mammary pouch” | 2. Pouch if cutaneous tissue found within the inguinal area of sheep
45
Infraorbital Pouch
1. “Lacrimal pouch” | 2. Pouch of cutaneous tissue found rostral to the medial canthus of the eye in sheep and other ungulates
46
Implantation Angle
Degree of angulation of a shaft or hair
47
Horn
Horny keratinized extension of the frontal bone in ruminate ungulates that arises from the corium and varies in shape and size depending on age, sex, & species
48
Hair follicle
Tubelike invaginations of the epidermis near the arrector pili and sebaceous glands that go through the dermis and into the connective tissue, where the hair is rooted
49
Hair Bulb
Bulbous portion of the hair follicle in the dermis that provides the material for hair production
50
Ergots
Horny keratinized growths located behind the fetlocks of horses that are believed to be vestigial remnants of metacarpal and metatarsal pads
51
Epidermis
Outermost layer of skin that is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
52
Epidermal Orifice
Opening of the hair follicle through which the hair emerges
53
Dermis
Deep connective tissue portion of the skin that contains blood vessels, glands, and hair follicles
54
Cutaneous Membrane
1. “Integument” | 2. Composed of dermis and epidermis
55
Cutaneous Muscles
Thin muscles in the connective tissue beneath the skin that cause the skin to twitch when contracted
56
Cuticle
Single layer of cells that makes up the outermost lawyer of the hair shaft
57
Cortex
The layer surrounding the medulla that is composed of hard keratin
58
Corium
Dermis of the skin
59
Connective Tissue Papilla
Base of the hair follicle that ultimately provides the material necessary to create hair
60
Compound Follicles
Follicles through which more than one hair emerges
61
Claws
Accessory appendages of the integumentary system found mainly in carnivores that are used for grasping prey and self defense
62
Chestnut
Horny keratinized growths located on the medial forearms and hocks of horses that are believed to be vestigial remnants of carpal and tarsal bones or extra toes
63
Catagen Phase
Transitional phase between anagen and telogen phases of the hair growth cycle
64
Arrector Pili Muscle
Smooth muscle that is attached to the base of hair follicles and is responsible for the involuntary ‘hair raising’ response to cold, fear, or aggression
65
Anagen Phase
Active phase of hair growth
66
Laminae
Interdigitations between the corium and hoof that serve as attachment sites between the hood and coffin bone
67
Point
Portion of the frog that points toward the toe of the horse’s hoof
68
Poll
Top of the head between the bases of the ears
69
Quarters
Medial and lateral regions of the hoof
70
Barrel
Trunk of the body formed by the rib cage and abdomen
71
Brisket
The area at the base of the neck between the front legs that covers the cranial end of the sternum
72
Withers
The area dorsal to the scapulas
73
Tailhead
Dorsal part of the base of the tail
74
White Line
The white (or light-colored) region that marks where the wall and sole of the hood adjoin
75
Planum Nasolabiale
Topmost plane of the muzzle in horses and cows
76
Planum Nasale
Topmost plane of the muzzle in cats, dogs, and sheep
77
Lateral Cartilages
Two large bands of cartilage in the equine hood that aids in venous return in conjunction with the frog and digital cushion
78
Flank
Lateral surface of the abdomen between the last rib and the hind limbs
79
Frog
Think triangular pad on the palmar and plantar surfaces of the horse hoof that is part of the “circulatory pump” of the hoof
80
Heel
Most caudal region of the hoof
81
Hoof Wall
External cornified portion of the hoof that grows constantly downward from the coronary band to the sole
82
Central Sulcus
Central depression of the frog in the horse hoof
83
Angle
Angle of the hoof wall as viewed from a lateral aspect when the foot is flat on the ground
84
Collateral Sulcus
Deep ridge and n either side of the frog that separates it from the bars in the horse hoof
85
Coronary Band
Part of the hoof that articulates with the skin
86
Coronary Corium
Part of the corium that has differentiated to provide nourishment to the hoof at the site of the coronary band
87
Horn Tubes
Minute lines that transverse the hoof wall vertically from the germinating layer of the coronary band to the sole
88
Laminitis
1. “Founder” 3. Inflammation of the laminae that causes extreme pain and heat in the horse hoof (usually the front feet) that can be caused by ingesting large quantities of grain, drug reactions, retained placenta, or trauma

A&P 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions