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A&P 1 > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

Root Hair Plexus

A

Arrangement of sensory nerves located at the root of the hair follicle that enables it to sense touch

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2
Q

Sebaceous Gland

A

Simple holocrine glands that secrete sebum through the hair follicle

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3
Q

Root

A

Anchor of the hair that attaches it to the connective tissue layer

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4
Q

Secondary Hair

A

The smaller, yet most numerous hairs in an animal’s undercoat

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5
Q

Shaft

A

Keratinized, visible portion of hair that extends above the surface of the epithelium

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6
Q

Sinus Hairs

A

“Tactile hairs”

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7
Q

Sebum

A

Secretion of the sebaceous gland containing oils and epithelial cells that is released into the hair follicle to lubricate the hair and skin

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8
Q

Velvet Skin

A

Soft skin on deer antlers that provides a vascular source necessary during the early seasonal growth of the antler, and is often eaten by the buck due to its high nutritive value

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9
Q

Wool-type Hairs

A

Hair coat composed primarily of secondary hairs seen in sheep

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10
Q

Ungula

A

“Hoof”

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11
Q

Stratum Germinativum

A
  1. “Stratum basale”
  2. Base layer of the epidermis composed of a single layer of cuboidal cells that divide to replenish the superficial layer of the epidermis
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12
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

Granular layer of epidermis located between the stratum germinativum and the stratum lucidum, that contains keratohyaline and lamellated granules that aids in waterproofing skin

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13
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

Prickle cell layer of the epidermis that is located between the stratum germinativum and the stratum granulosum, that is weblike and dense with intercellular attachments

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14
Q

Tylotrich Hairs

A

Hairs that aid in the perception of touch

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15
Q

Ungulate

A

Hooved animal

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16
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

Clear layer of epidermis located beneath the stratum cornerman, that is present in only very thick skin (like paw pads)

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17
Q

Tyrosine Melanin

A

Pigment that produces brown-black colors in hair

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18
Q

Telogen Effluvium

A
  1. “Blowing the coat”
  2. Overall hair loss that occurs from hair follicles being in a synchronized telegenic phase due to stress, medication, malnutrition, or hormonal changes
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19
Q

Stratum Corneum

A
  1. “Horny layer”

2. Most superficial layer of epidermis whose cells are dead remnants of keratinocytes and are anucleated & keratinized

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20
Q

5 Epidermal Layers

A
  1. Stratum germinativum/basale
  2. Stratum spinosum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum lucidum
  5. Stratum corneum
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21
Q

Telogen Phase

A

Resting phase of hair growth

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22
Q

Tactile Hairs

A

Hairs sensitive to touch

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23
Q

Tactile Elevations

A

Small elevations located throughout the epidermal surface that usually contains a tactile hair and is important in the perception of touch

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24
Q

Primary Hairs

A

Large straight hairs predominant in complex hair follicles

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25
Q

Polled Breeds

A

Hornless animals from species that normally produce horns, and are specifically bred for this trait

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26
Q

Pigmentation

A

Degree of coloration that depends on the concentration of melanin (more melanin = darker color)

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27
Q

Pheomelanin

A

Sulfur-based yellow-brown pigment that produces a reddish color in hair

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28
Q

Papilla

A
  1. Nipplelike protuberance
    or
  2. Depressions in the death tracts that give rise to new feathers
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29
Q

Pacinian Corpuscle

A

Tactile nerve endings in the subcutaneous tissue of the skin that sense deep and heavy pressure

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30
Q

Merkel’s Cells

A

Cells located in small numbers in the epidermal-dermal junction that aid in tactile sensory function

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31
Q

Melanosomes

A

Granules filled with melanin that are transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes

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32
Q

Melanocyte

A

Cell located within the lower epidermis that produces tyrosinase and melanin

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33
Q

Melanin

A

Sulferous pigment produced by melanocytes in the skin, hair, choroid of the eye, and melanomas

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34
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscles

A

Oval tactile nerve endings found within the dermal papillae of the epidermis that are sensitive to light tough and often occur in areas with no hair follicles

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35
Q

Medulla

A

Innermost layer of a hair strand that is made of 2-3 layers of flexible soft keratin

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36
Q

Lanolin

A

Fat-based secretions of sheep’s sebaceous glands that are often used in lotions and ointments

37
Q

Langerhans Cells

A

Macrophages of the epidermis that phagocytize invading microorganisms and serve as antigen-presenting cells

38
Q

Keratinocytes

A
  1. Cells that synthesize keratin
  2. As they travel away from the basement membrane toward the superficial epithelium, they lose their organelles to make way for keratin. The cells die by the time they reach the surface
39
Q

Keratinization

A

Formation of keratin inside epithelial cells of the skin as they mature

40
Q

Keratin Fibers

A

Strong strands of fibrous keratin that are insoluble in water

41
Q

Keratin

A

Tough waterproof protein that is a major component of the epidermis and makes up scales, beaks, claws, fathers, nails, hair, horns, & hooves

42
Q

Interdigital Pouch

A

Pouch of cutaneous tissue found between the toes of cloven-hooved animals that exudes a waxy substance

43
Q

Integumentary/Integumentary System

A

Outer covering of the body that consists of skin, nails, hair, hooves, horns, etc.

44
Q

Inguinal Pouch

A
  1. “Mammary pouch”

2. Pouch if cutaneous tissue found within the inguinal area of sheep

45
Q

Infraorbital Pouch

A
  1. “Lacrimal pouch”

2. Pouch of cutaneous tissue found rostral to the medial canthus of the eye in sheep and other ungulates

46
Q

Implantation Angle

A

Degree of angulation of a shaft or hair

47
Q

Horn

A

Horny keratinized extension of the frontal bone in ruminate ungulates that arises from the corium and varies in shape and size depending on age, sex, & species

48
Q

Hair follicle

A

Tubelike invaginations of the epidermis near the arrector pili and sebaceous glands that go through the dermis and into the connective tissue, where the hair is rooted

49
Q

Hair Bulb

A

Bulbous portion of the hair follicle in the dermis that provides the material for hair production

50
Q

Ergots

A

Horny keratinized growths located behind the fetlocks of horses that are believed to be vestigial remnants of metacarpal and metatarsal pads

51
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost layer of skin that is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

52
Q

Epidermal Orifice

A

Opening of the hair follicle through which the hair emerges

53
Q

Dermis

A

Deep connective tissue portion of the skin that contains blood vessels, glands, and hair follicles

54
Q

Cutaneous Membrane

A
  1. “Integument”

2. Composed of dermis and epidermis

55
Q

Cutaneous Muscles

A

Thin muscles in the connective tissue beneath the skin that cause the skin to twitch when contracted

56
Q

Cuticle

A

Single layer of cells that makes up the outermost lawyer of the hair shaft

57
Q

Cortex

A

The layer surrounding the medulla that is composed of hard keratin

58
Q

Corium

A

Dermis of the skin

59
Q

Connective Tissue Papilla

A

Base of the hair follicle that ultimately provides the material necessary to create hair

60
Q

Compound Follicles

A

Follicles through which more than one hair emerges

61
Q

Claws

A

Accessory appendages of the integumentary system found mainly in carnivores that are used for grasping prey and self defense

62
Q

Chestnut

A

Horny keratinized growths located on the medial forearms and hocks of horses that are believed to be vestigial remnants of carpal and tarsal bones or extra toes

63
Q

Catagen Phase

A

Transitional phase between anagen and telogen phases of the hair growth cycle

64
Q

Arrector Pili Muscle

A

Smooth muscle that is attached to the base of hair follicles and is responsible for the involuntary ‘hair raising’ response to cold, fear, or aggression

65
Q

Anagen Phase

A

Active phase of hair growth

66
Q

Laminae

A

Interdigitations between the corium and hoof that serve as attachment sites between the hood and coffin bone

67
Q

Point

A

Portion of the frog that points toward the toe of the horse’s hoof

68
Q

Poll

A

Top of the head between the bases of the ears

69
Q

Quarters

A

Medial and lateral regions of the hoof

70
Q

Barrel

A

Trunk of the body formed by the rib cage and abdomen

71
Q

Brisket

A

The area at the base of the neck between the front legs that covers the cranial end of the sternum

72
Q

Withers

A

The area dorsal to the scapulas

73
Q

Tailhead

A

Dorsal part of the base of the tail

74
Q

White Line

A

The white (or light-colored) region that marks where the wall and sole of the hood adjoin

75
Q

Planum Nasolabiale

A

Topmost plane of the muzzle in horses and cows

76
Q

Planum Nasale

A

Topmost plane of the muzzle in cats, dogs, and sheep

77
Q

Lateral Cartilages

A

Two large bands of cartilage in the equine hood that aids in venous return in conjunction with the frog and digital cushion

78
Q

Flank

A

Lateral surface of the abdomen between the last rib and the hind limbs

79
Q

Frog

A

Think triangular pad on the palmar and plantar surfaces of the horse hoof that is part of the “circulatory pump” of the hoof

80
Q

Heel

A

Most caudal region of the hoof

81
Q

Hoof Wall

A

External cornified portion of the hoof that grows constantly downward from the coronary band to the sole

82
Q

Central Sulcus

A

Central depression of the frog in the horse hoof

83
Q

Angle

A

Angle of the hoof wall as viewed from a lateral aspect when the foot is flat on the ground

84
Q

Collateral Sulcus

A

Deep ridge and n either side of the frog that separates it from the bars in the horse hoof

85
Q

Coronary Band

A

Part of the hoof that articulates with the skin

86
Q

Coronary Corium

A

Part of the corium that has differentiated to provide nourishment to the hoof at the site of the coronary band

87
Q

Horn Tubes

A

Minute lines that transverse the hoof wall vertically from the germinating layer of the coronary band to the sole

88
Q

Laminitis

A
  1. “Founder”
  2. Inflammation of the laminae that causes extreme pain and heat in the horse hoof (usually the front feet) that can be caused by ingesting large quantities of grain, drug reactions, retained placenta, or trauma

A&P 1 (8 decks)

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