Sensation & Perception Introduction

Question 1

What is Sensation?

Answer 1

Sensation is the process where our sensory receptions takes in information (raw data) from the outside world, and changes it into electrochemical data and sends it to the brain.

Question 2

What is perception?

Answer 2

Perception is when our brain interprets data by organising it to “tell” a story. This gives meaning to sensory information. This processing results in the conscious experience of our external environments.

Question 3

What is Pareidolia?

Answer 3

A phenomenon of recognising patterns in inanimate object.

Our brains are hard0wired to make pattens. We work to identity MEANING in what we SEE.

Question 4

What is Brain Region (FFA) ?

Answer 4

It’s a part of the brain that helps to identify faces specifically.

Question 5

What parts transfers into electrochemical energy?

Answer 5

Eye = Light
Ears = Kinetic ( movement)
Taste = Chemicals
Nose = Chemical / Smell
Touch = Pressure, heat & pain

Question 6

EXAMPLE of electrochemical energy?

Answer 6

When the eyes see light, it’s the electrochemical energy in the nervous system.

Question 7

Absolute Threshold meaning?

Answer 7

The minimum intensity of stimulus energy needed to sense/perceive that one can detect 50% of the time.

Question 8

ACRONYM FOR facts of Sensation & Perception

Answer 8

Real Tik Tok Stars Own It

Question 9

Steps for Sensation?

Answer 9

1. Reception
2. Transduction
3. Transmission

Question 10

Steps for Perception?

Answer 10

1. Selection
2. Organisation
3. Interpretation

Question 11

Reception meaning?

Answer 11

First stage in the sensory process. Detach sensory information from the environment and is received and processed by our sensory organs.

Question 12

Transduction meaning?

Answer 12

Process where electromagnetic energy (light) received from the environment is converted into electrochemical energy (nerve impulse).

Question 13

Transmission meaning?

Answer 13

Transfer of neural info from the eye and sends it to the brain through optic nerve.

Question 14

Selection meaning?

Answer 14

The detection of particular features of a stimulus such as size, colour and movement. it filters out, sorts, or selects the important messages from the senses and discarding any excess information.

Done by feature detector cells in brain.

Question 15

Organisation meaning?

Answer 15

Groups similar/alike information together.

Question 16

Interpretation meaning?

Answer 16

It provides and gives meaning to the information.

Question 17

How many MAIN part of the eyes?

Answer 17

SEVEN

1. Optic nerve
2. Retina
3. Lens
4. Iris
5. Cornea
6. Pupil
7. Ciliary Muscles

Question 18

Cornea function?

Answer 18

A covering that protects the eye.

It helps to focus light onto the lens

Question 19

Pupil function?

Answer 19

Controls the amount of light that enters the eye.

Question 20

Iris function?

Answer 20

Coloured part of the eye where it expands or contract to change the size of the pupil.

Question 21

Lens function?

Answer 21

Transparent flexible structure behind the pupil that helps focuses light on the retina by changing shape.

Question 22

Retina function?

Answer 22

Layers of specialised neurons that line the rear inner surface of the eye.

It receives and absorbs light, processes images and transmits neural messages to the occipital lobe (visual cortex) of the brain.

Contains photoreceptors -rods and cones.

Question 23

Photoreceptors function?

Answer 23

Light-sensitive receptor cells in the retina.

A cone or rod cell in the retina of the eye that responds to light by converting light energy into nerve impulses so they can be transmitted to the brain.

Question 24

The TWO photoreceptive cell in retina?

Answer 24

1. RODS

2. CONES

Question 25

How many neuron connection of RODS?

Answer 25

Many connected to one neuron.

Question 26

How many neuron connection of CONES?

Answer 26

One neuron connection to each. (beneficial)

Question 27

Function of RODS?

Answer 27

125 million in each retina are specialised photo-receptors for night vision and peripheral vision.

Do not provide clear detail in the object. Mostly outside the fovea.

(NIGHT VISION)

Question 28

Function of CONES?

Answer 28

Important for daylight vision, detection of fine detail (acuity) and colour vision.
Don’t operate well in dim light.

Most numerous in the fovea
6.5 million cones

(DAY VISION)

Question 29

Characterisation of CONES?

Answer 29

• Bright light
• Centre of Retina
• Detailed
• One-to-one connection
• Colour + Details

Question 30

Characterisation of RODS?

Answer 30

• Low light
• Peripheral vision
• Less detached
• One neuron to many rods
• Motion & shape

Question 31

Ciliary Muscle function?

Answer 31

Muscle that helps focus light on the retina by bending the lens of the eye

Question 32

Reception

Answer 32

Sensory receptors detect the presence of a stimulus or changes to a stimulus.

Question 33

Sensory receptors

Answer 33

Specialised neurons located in sense organs that detect and response to physical energy (stimuli )

Question 34

What type of energy can the brain and nervous system process?

Answer 34

Electrochemical energy

Question 35

Selective attention meaning

Answer 35

A voluntary or involuntary tendency to focus on a particular stimuli ( or part of it ) and ignore the unnecessary stuff.

Question 36

Feature detectors meaning

Answer 36

Neurons specialised to response to specific features of a stimulus pattern snd ignore other features.