Sensation & Perception Introduction Flashcards
What is Sensation?
Sensation is the process where our sensory receptions takes in information (raw data) from the outside world, and changes it into electrochemical data and sends it to the brain.
What is perception?
Perception is when our brain interprets data by organising it to “tell” a story. This gives meaning to sensory information. This processing results in the conscious experience of our external environments.
What is Pareidolia?
A phenomenon of recognising patterns in inanimate object.
Our brains are hard0wired to make pattens. We work to identity MEANING in what we SEE.
What is Brain Region (FFA) ?
It’s a part of the brain that helps to identify faces specifically.
What parts transfers into electrochemical energy?
Eye = Light Ears = Kinetic ( movement) Taste = Chemicals Nose = Chemical / Smell Touch = Pressure, heat & pain
EXAMPLE of electrochemical energy?
When the eyes see light, it’s the electrochemical energy in the nervous system.
Absolute Threshold meaning?
The minimum intensity of stimulus energy needed to sense/perceive that one can detect 50% of the time.
ACRONYM FOR facts of Sensation & Perception
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Steps for Sensation?
- Reception
- Transduction
- Transmission
Steps for Perception?
- Selection
- Organisation
- Interpretation
Reception meaning?
First stage in the sensory process. Detach sensory information from the environment and is received and processed by our sensory organs.
Transduction meaning?
Process where electromagnetic energy (light) received from the environment is converted into electrochemical energy (nerve impulse).
Transmission meaning?
Transfer of neural info from the eye and sends it to the brain through optic nerve.
Selection meaning?
The detection of particular features of a stimulus such as size, colour and movement. it filters out, sorts, or selects the important messages from the senses and discarding any excess information.
Done by feature detector cells in brain.
Organisation meaning?
Groups similar/alike information together.
Interpretation meaning?
It provides and gives meaning to the information.
How many MAIN part of the eyes?
SEVEN
- Optic nerve
- Retina
- Lens
- Iris
- Cornea
- Pupil
- Ciliary Muscles
Cornea function?
A covering that protects the eye.
It helps to focus light onto the lens
Pupil function?
Controls the amount of light that enters the eye.
Iris function?
Coloured part of the eye where it expands or contract to change the size of the pupil.
Lens function?
Transparent flexible structure behind the pupil that helps focuses light on the retina by changing shape.
Retina function?
Layers of specialised neurons that line the rear inner surface of the eye.
It receives and absorbs light, processes images and transmits neural messages to the occipital lobe (visual cortex) of the brain.
Contains photoreceptors -rods and cones.
Photoreceptors function?
Light-sensitive receptor cells in the retina.
A cone or rod cell in the retina of the eye that responds to light by converting light energy into nerve impulses so they can be transmitted to the brain.
The TWO photoreceptive cell in retina?
- RODS
2. CONES
How many neuron connection of RODS?
Many connected to one neuron.
How many neuron connection of CONES?
One neuron connection to each. (beneficial)
Function of RODS?
125 million in each retina are specialised photo-receptors for night vision and peripheral vision.
Do not provide clear detail in the object. Mostly outside the fovea.
(NIGHT VISION)
Function of CONES?
Important for daylight vision, detection of fine detail (acuity) and colour vision.
Don’t operate well in dim light.
Most numerous in the fovea
6.5 million cones
(DAY VISION)
Characterisation of CONES?
- Bright light
- Centre of Retina
- Detailed
- One-to-one connection
- Colour + Details
Characterisation of RODS?
- Low light
- Peripheral vision
- Less detached
- One neuron to many rods
- Motion & shape
Ciliary Muscle function?
Muscle that helps focus light on the retina by bending the lens of the eye
Reception
Sensory receptors detect the presence of a stimulus or changes to a stimulus.
Sensory receptors
Specialised neurons located in sense organs that detect and response to physical energy (stimuli )
What type of energy can the brain and nervous system process?
Electrochemical energy
Selective attention meaning
A voluntary or involuntary tendency to focus on a particular stimuli ( or part of it ) and ignore the unnecessary stuff.
Feature detectors meaning
Neurons specialised to response to specific features of a stimulus pattern snd ignore other features.
