Sensation/Perception Flashcards
Signal detection theory
The effects of non-sensory factors such as experiences, motives, and expectations on perception of stimuli
Adaptation
Decrease in response to stimulus over time
What part of the eye produces aqueous humour, what does this do and where is it drained?
Ciliary body produces aqueous humour, which bathes the front part of the eye before draining into the canal of Schlemm
Which part of the retina contains mostly cones and then which part is only composed of cones?
What field of view does this section correspond to?
The macula is the part of the retina that contains mostly cones
The fovea contains only cones
Corresponds to the central field of view
What is the white part of the eye?
Sclera
What are the three colours of cones?
Red, green, blue
What happens when light hits a rod or cone?
Turns them off…
And turns on the bipolar cells which turns on the ganglion cell and then signal gets passed to the optic nerve
What occurs during the phototransduction cascade?
Light hits cone and the rhodopsin inside of the rod —> which causes retinal inside of the rhodopsin to change shape —> which causes the rhodopsin to change shape —> causing the alpha subunit of transducin to break off and bind to phosphodiesterase (PDE) —> which transforms cGMP to GMP —> closing Na channels (hyperpolarizing the cell) and causing the rod cell to turn off —> turning on the bipolar cell
What cells perform edge sharpening of vision?
Horizontal and amacrine cells
What parts of vision are detected by parvocellular cells?
‘Parvo is particular’
- Form
- high colour spatial resolution (fine details)
- poor temporal resolution (bad with moving objects)
What parts of visions do magnocellular cells
‘Magno is for motion’
- No colour
- high temporal resolution (good for motion)
- low spatial resolution (bad with fine details)
What is proprioception?
Also called kinesthetic sense
The ability to tell where one’s body is in space
What is included in monocular cues
Relative size
Interposition
Motion parallax
Linear perspective
What is included in binocular cues?
Retinal disparity - slightly different images projected onto each retina
Convergence - brain detects the angle between the two eyes required to bring the object into focus
Where are visual signals sent in the thalamus?
The Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is for light
What is the are of the thalamus that sound stimulus gets sent?
The Medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) is for music
What is the gate theory of pain?
Pain sensation is reduced when other somatosensory signals are present
What is the law of proximity?
Elements close together tend to be perceived as a unit.
What is law of similarity
Objects that are similar tend to be grouped together
Law of good continuation?
Elements that follow the same pathway tend to be grouped together
The law of good continuation?
Elements that follow the same pathway tend to be grouped together
What is subjective contours? Think gestalt principles
Perception of non-existent edges in figures based on surrounding visual cues (pg. 82 of kaplan)
Law of closure?
When space is enclosed by a group of lines, it is perceived as closed or complete
Law of closure
When a space is enclosed by a group of lines, it is perceived as closed or complete
What is Accommodation
When sometching new is presented and your schema must be changed or created to process the information.
What is Place Theory?
Another name for tonotopical mapping. Pitches are correlated with their position on the cochlea
What is spreading activation theory?
Spreading activation suggests that, when the representation of a concept is activated in memory, the activation spreads to concepts that are semantically or associatively related to it. Thus, people often retrieve unpresented members of a category when tested on their memory for a series of presented concepts from that category.
What psychological approach is classical conditioning closely related to?
The behaviourist theory
