Sensation/Perception

Question 1

Signal detection theory

Answer 1

The effects of non-sensory factors such as experiences, motives, and expectations on perception of stimuli

Question 2

Adaptation

Answer 2

Decrease in response to stimulus over time

Question 3

What part of the eye produces aqueous humour, what does this do and where is it drained?

Answer 3

Ciliary body produces aqueous humour, which bathes the front part of the eye before draining into the canal of Schlemm

Question 4

Which part of the retina contains mostly cones and then which part is only composed of cones?
What field of view does this section correspond to?

Answer 4

The macula is the part of the retina that contains mostly cones
The fovea contains only cones
Corresponds to the central field of view

Question 5

What is the white part of the eye?

Answer 5

Sclera

Question 6

What are the three colours of cones?

Answer 6

Red, green, blue

Question 7

What happens when light hits a rod or cone?

Answer 7

Turns them off…
And turns on the bipolar cells which turns on the ganglion cell and then signal gets passed to the optic nerve

Question 8

What occurs during the phototransduction cascade?

Answer 8

Light hits cone and the rhodopsin inside of the rod —> which causes retinal inside of the rhodopsin to change shape —> which causes the rhodopsin to change shape —> causing the alpha subunit of transducin to break off and bind to phosphodiesterase (PDE) —> which transforms cGMP to GMP —> closing Na channels (hyperpolarizing the cell) and causing the rod cell to turn off —> turning on the bipolar cell

Question 9

What cells perform edge sharpening of vision?

Answer 9

Horizontal and amacrine cells

Question 10

What parts of vision are detected by parvocellular cells?

Answer 10

‘Parvo is particular’
- Form
- high colour spatial resolution (fine details)
- poor temporal resolution (bad with moving objects)

Question 11

What parts of visions do magnocellular cells

Answer 11

‘Magno is for motion’
- No colour
- high temporal resolution (good for motion)
- low spatial resolution (bad with fine details)

Question 12

What is proprioception?

Answer 12

Also called kinesthetic sense
The ability to tell where one’s body is in space

Question 13

What is included in monocular cues

Answer 13

Relative size
Interposition
Motion parallax
Linear perspective

Question 14

What is included in binocular cues?

Answer 14

Retinal disparity - slightly different images projected onto each retina
Convergence - brain detects the angle between the two eyes required to bring the object into focus

Question 15

Where are visual signals sent in the thalamus?

Answer 15

The Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is for light

Question 16

What is the are of the thalamus that sound stimulus gets sent?

Answer 16

The Medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) is for music

Question 17

What is the gate theory of pain?

Answer 17

Pain sensation is reduced when other somatosensory signals are present

Question 18

What is the law of proximity?

Answer 18

Elements close together tend to be perceived as a unit.

Question 19

What is law of similarity

Answer 19

Objects that are similar tend to be grouped together

Question 20

Law of good continuation?

Answer 20

Elements that follow the same pathway tend to be grouped together

Question 21

The law of good continuation?

Answer 21

Elements that follow the same pathway tend to be grouped together

Question 22

What is subjective contours? Think gestalt principles

Answer 22

Perception of non-existent edges in figures based on surrounding visual cues (pg. 82 of kaplan)

Question 23

Law of closure?

Answer 23

When space is enclosed by a group of lines, it is perceived as closed or complete

Question 24

Law of closure

Answer 24

When a space is enclosed by a group of lines, it is perceived as closed or complete

Question 25

What is Accommodation

Answer 25

When sometching new is presented and your schema must be changed or created to process the information.

Question 26

What is Place Theory?

Answer 26

Another name for tonotopical mapping. Pitches are correlated with their position on the cochlea

Question 27

What is spreading activation theory?

Answer 27

Spreading activation suggests that, when the representation of a concept is activated in memory, the activation spreads to concepts that are semantically or associatively related to it. Thus, people often retrieve unpresented members of a category when tested on their memory for a series of presented concepts from that category.

Question 28

What psychological approach is classical conditioning closely related to?

Answer 28

The behaviourist theory