Psych/soci PR C. 5 CULTURE, DEMOGRAPHICS AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY

Question 1

What is the difference between values and beliefs and define both?

Answer 1

Values; cultures standards for evaluating good or bad
Beliefs: the convictions of principles that people hold
Example - in the US open-mindedness is considered to be a value however racism and homophobia are abound
In order to promote social values laws, sanctions or rewards must be in place to guide behaviour to align people’s values with those of the society

NORMS - are the visible and invisible rules of social conduct within a society

Question 2

What is population growth rate?

Answer 2

Rate of population change in a given time, reported as a percent of the initial population

Question 3

The total population an area can support with relevant resources and without negative effects is termed…?

Answer 3

Carrying capacity

Question 4

Annual number of births per 1000 people in a population …?

Answer 4

Crude birth Rate (CRB)

Question 5

Annual deaths per 1000 people in a population?

Answer 5

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Question 6

The difference between CBR (crude birth rate) and CDR (crude death rate) is termed …?

Answer 6

Rate of population change

Question 7

General fertility rate

Answer 7

Annual number of birth rates per 1000 women in a population

Question 8

Prediction of total number of births per single women in a population …?

Answer 8

Total fertility rate

Question 9

Replacement fertility rate

Answer 9

The fertility rate at which the population will remain balanced

Question 10

birth rates are less than death rates is termed?

Answer 10

Sub-replacement fertility

Question 11

Changes in fertility rates are often not be reflected in the birth rate for several generations?… and is the result of?

Answer 11

Population-lag and population momentum (children reproduced in higher fertility rates reproduce)

Question 12

Mortality

Answer 12

Death rate in a population

Question 13

The nature and extend of disease in a population

Answer 13

Morbidity

Question 14

Incidence rate

Answer 14

Number of new cases of disease

Question 15

What is gentrification?

Answer 15

The process of urban renewal/renovation in a certain area.
Specific to the introduction of wealthier residents to cities - who help to restore the existing infrastructure
- can displace the original local people

Question 16

What is Malthusianism?

Answer 16

The possible rate of population increase exceeds the rate of resource increase.
Checks on population growth
- positive checks: raised death rate, disease, natural disasters
- preventative checks: lower birth rate, late marriage, birth control,
Malthusianism catastrophe: sustenance not enough to support population (famine)
Neo-Malthusianism: people who advocate for population control

Question 17

What does the term minorities reflect?

Answer 17

Does NOT reflect size of group….
Rather the disparate social experiences and the description holds regardless of population size

Question 18

What is a caste system

Answer 18

Is a system where you are born into your social class and are stagnant (an able to move from that classification)

Question 19

What is meritocracy?

Answer 19

Is system of stratification that uses merit to establish social standing

Question 20

What is power?

Answer 20

That ability to get other people,e to do something

Question 21

What is social reproduction?

Answer 21

Structures and activities in a society that serve to transmit and reinforce social inequality

Question 22

What is marginal poverty? And what is the difference between that and structural poverty

Answer 22

Marginal poverty is due a lack of unstable employment, whereas structural poverty is due underlying effects of social institutions

Question 23

What is intersectionality?

Answer 23

Way social categories overlap and contribute to discrimination and oppression

Question 24

What is Cultural Relativism ?

Answer 24

Trying to objectively understand another culture from their perspective.