SENSATION AND SENSORY RECEPTOR Flashcards
List the example of somatic sensory
General: Temperature, pain, pressure, vibration, touch, proprioception in skin, body wall, and limb
Special: Hearing, equilibrium and vision
What is the definition of sensory divison?
Sensory division is to detect changes in internal and external environment and send the information to the CNS about the changes occured. It is responsible for perception of sensation.
What is the definition of motor division?
Initiates and controls the activities of skeletal muscle, It controls the activities of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle as well as gland
List the example of visceral sensory
General: Temperature, pain, stretch, chemical changes and irritation in viscera: nausea and hunger
Special: Taste and smell
Motor division is divided into….
Somatic NS and ANS
Motor division is divided into….
Somatic NS and ANS
What is the difference between somatic sensation and visceral sensation?
Somatic sensation is the sensation from the skin and deep tissues and inform the CNS through the somatic nerve.
Visceral sensation is all the sensations from the internal organs and inform the CNS through the ANS.
What is the components of sensory system?
CNS, afferent, receptor, tracts
What will happen in the receptor level during integration level of sensory receptor?
> During receptor level of the sensory receptor, the stimulus energy have to be converted to graded potential @ receptor potential by undergoing transduction process.
The graded potential have to be summated to reach the threshold level
Hence, the Na+ ion voltage gated can be opened and depolarisation happened.
Action potential is generated and propagated in the first order neuron to the CNS
What will happen in the circuit level of the ascending pathway?
> During the circuit level of the ascending pathway, the action potential will causes the impulses to be delivered to appropriate region of the cerebral cortex for localisation and perception of stimulus.
In the ascending pathway, there are 3 types of neurons: 1st, 2ns, 3rd order of neuron
What is the example of ascending pathway?
Spinothalamic
Dorsal column
Spinocerebellar cortex
What will happen in the perceptual level of the cortical sensory area?
> In the perceptual level of the cortical sensory area, the sensory input just now already arrived in the cerebral cortex.
The sensory input will undergoes interpretation to identify and appreciate the sensation
The ability to identify and appreciate the sensations are depends on the location of the target neuron in the cerebral cortex
TRUE OR FALSE
A. Mechanoreceptor = excited to noxious stimuli
B. Thermoreceptor = excited to temperature changes
C. Electromagnetic = excited by light
D. Nociceptor= detect taste, smell, O2 and CO2 in the blood, osmolality
E. Chemoreceptor= Excited to stretch
A. Mechanoreceptor = excited to noxious stimuli (FALSE: mechanical deformation)
B. Thermoreceptor = excited to temperature changes (TRUE)
C. Electromagnetic = excited by light (TRUE)
D. Nociceptor= detect taste, smell, O2 and CO2 in the blood, osmolality (FALSE: excited to noxious stimuli like pain and damages to tissues)
E. Chemoreceptor= Excited to stretch (FALSE: detect taste, smell, O2 and CO2 in the blood, osmolality, glucose, amino acid, fatty acid)
F(x) of Merkel receptor
sense steady pressure and texture
F(x) Meissner’s corpuscle
Respond to flutter and stroking movement
F(x) of free nerve ending of nociceptor
responds to noxious stimuli
F(x) of sensory nerves
carry signals to spinal cord
F(x) of Ruffini corpuscle
Responds to skin stretch
F(x) of Pacinian corpuscle
Sense vibration
F(x) of root hair
sense hair movement
TRUE OR FALSE
A. Merkel receptors= sense vibration
B. Ruffini corpuscle= sense steady pressure and texture
C. Pacinian corpuscle= respond to skin stretch
D. Meissner’s corpuscle= respond to flutter and stroking movement
E. Root hair= detect hair movement
A. Merkel receptors= sense vibration (FALSE: sense steady pressure and texture)
B. Ruffini corpuscle= sense steady pressure and texture (FALSE: respond to skin stretch)
C. Pacinian corpuscle= respond to skin stretch (FALSE: sense vibration)
D. Meissner’s corpuscle= respond to flutter and stroking movement (TRUE)
E. Root hair= detect hair movement (TRUE)
What is the sensory receptors in the skin- tactile receptors (there is 7 receptors)
- Merkel receptors
- Meissner’s corpuscle
- Pacinian corpuscle
- Ruffini corpuscle
- Root hair
- Sensory nerve
- Free nerve ending of nociceptor
What is the sensory receptors in the muscles and joints - proprioceptors
Muscle spindles, extrafusal muscle fiber, golgi tendon organ
What is the f(x) of proprioceptors?
Sense movement and body position
TRUE OR FALSE
A. The amplitude of the receptor potential increases as stimulus increases.
B. The more the receptor potential rises above the threshold, the lower the frequency of AP
A. The amplitude of the receptor potential increases as stimulus increases. (TRUE)
B. The more the receptor potential rises above the threshold, the lower the frequency of AP (FALSE: The higher the frequency of AP)
Definition of receptive field of a sensory neuron
The region of the sensory area within which a receptor can detect the stimulus
Arrange in ascending order (slow to rapid) :
Root hair plexus, muscle spindle, pacini corpuscle, joint capsule receptor
Joint capsule receptor, muscle spindle, root hair plexus, pacini corpuscle
TRUE OR FALSE
A. Cold= slow adaptation B. Texture= slow adaptation C. Stroking= rapid adaptation D. Vibration= slow adaptation E. Stretch= rapid adaptation F. Polymodal stimulus= slow adaptation G. Warm= rapid adaptation
A. Cold= slow adaptation (FALSE: rapid)
B. Texture= slow adaptation (TRUE)
C. Stroking= rapid adaptation (TRUE)
D. Vibration= slow adaptation (FALSE: rapid)
E. Stretch= rapid adaptation (FALSE: slow)
F. Polymodal stimulus= slow adaptation (TRUE)
G. Warm= rapid adaptation (TRUE)
What it meant by sensation?
A conscious perception of a particular feeling caused by stimulation of receptors by its adequate stimulus
State the definition of adaptation
Adaptation is the ability to diminish the extent of their depolarisation despite sustained stimulus strength
The size of receptive field can be measured by …..
Two point discrimination
TRUE OR FALSE
A. The size of the receptive field depends on the dendritic arbor of the individual receptor
B. The size of the receptive field does not depends on the position of the receptor in the sensory organ
A. The size of the receptive field depends on the dendritic arbor of the individual receptor (TRUE)
B. The size of the receptive field does not depends on the position of the receptor in the sensory organ (FALSE: depends)
Explain/ desc about tonic receptors
> Tonic receptors is a slow adapting receptor.
It detect continuous stimulus strength where the impulses is continuously transmitted to the brain as long as the stimulus is present
Eventually the receptor will decreases but not as low as below the threshold level
This is to ensure that the brain is constantly informed of the body changes
As for example: the golgi tendon apparatus that is located in the muscles and joints allow the body to sense the contraction of body movement and load on the muscle tendon
