SENSATION AND SENSORY RECEPTOR

Question 1

List the example of somatic sensory

Answer 1

General: Temperature, pain, pressure, vibration, touch, proprioception in skin, body wall, and limb
Special: Hearing, equilibrium and vision

Question 2

What is the definition of sensory divison?

Answer 2

Sensory division is to detect changes in internal and external environment and send the information to the CNS about the changes occured. It is responsible for perception of sensation.

Question 3

What is the definition of motor division?

Answer 3

Initiates and controls the activities of skeletal muscle, It controls the activities of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle as well as gland

Question 4

List the example of visceral sensory

Answer 4

General: Temperature, pain, stretch, chemical changes and irritation in viscera: nausea and hunger
Special: Taste and smell

Question 5

Motor division is divided into….

Answer 5

Somatic NS and ANS

Question 6

Motor division is divided into….

Answer 6

Somatic NS and ANS

Question 7

What is the difference between somatic sensation and visceral sensation?

Answer 7

Somatic sensation is the sensation from the skin and deep tissues and inform the CNS through the somatic nerve.
Visceral sensation is all the sensations from the internal organs and inform the CNS through the ANS.

Question 8

What is the components of sensory system?

Answer 8

CNS, afferent, receptor, tracts

Question 9

What will happen in the receptor level during integration level of sensory receptor?

Answer 9

> During receptor level of the sensory receptor, the stimulus energy have to be converted to graded potential @ receptor potential by undergoing transduction process.
The graded potential have to be summated to reach the threshold level
Hence, the Na+ ion voltage gated can be opened and depolarisation happened.
Action potential is generated and propagated in the first order neuron to the CNS

Question 10

What will happen in the circuit level of the ascending pathway?

Answer 10

> During the circuit level of the ascending pathway, the action potential will causes the impulses to be delivered to appropriate region of the cerebral cortex for localisation and perception of stimulus.
In the ascending pathway, there are 3 types of neurons: 1st, 2ns, 3rd order of neuron

Question 11

What is the example of ascending pathway?

Answer 11

Spinothalamic
Dorsal column
Spinocerebellar cortex

Question 12

What will happen in the perceptual level of the cortical sensory area?

Answer 12

> In the perceptual level of the cortical sensory area, the sensory input just now already arrived in the cerebral cortex.
The sensory input will undergoes interpretation to identify and appreciate the sensation
The ability to identify and appreciate the sensations are depends on the location of the target neuron in the cerebral cortex

Question 13

TRUE OR FALSE

A. Mechanoreceptor = excited to noxious stimuli
B. Thermoreceptor = excited to temperature changes
C. Electromagnetic = excited by light
D. Nociceptor= detect taste, smell, O2 and CO2 in the blood, osmolality
E. Chemoreceptor= Excited to stretch

Answer 13

A. Mechanoreceptor = excited to noxious stimuli (FALSE: mechanical deformation)
B. Thermoreceptor = excited to temperature changes (TRUE)
C. Electromagnetic = excited by light (TRUE)
D. Nociceptor= detect taste, smell, O2 and CO2 in the blood, osmolality (FALSE: excited to noxious stimuli like pain and damages to tissues)
E. Chemoreceptor= Excited to stretch (FALSE: detect taste, smell, O2 and CO2 in the blood, osmolality, glucose, amino acid, fatty acid)

Question 14

F(x) of Merkel receptor

Answer 14

sense steady pressure and texture

Question 15

F(x) Meissner’s corpuscle

Answer 15

Respond to flutter and stroking movement

Question 16

F(x) of free nerve ending of nociceptor

Answer 16

responds to noxious stimuli

Question 17

F(x) of sensory nerves

Answer 17

carry signals to spinal cord

Question 18

F(x) of Ruffini corpuscle

Answer 18

Responds to skin stretch

Question 19

F(x) of Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 19

Sense vibration

Question 20

F(x) of root hair

Answer 20

sense hair movement

Question 21

TRUE OR FALSE

A. Merkel receptors= sense vibration
B. Ruffini corpuscle= sense steady pressure and texture
C. Pacinian corpuscle= respond to skin stretch
D. Meissner’s corpuscle= respond to flutter and stroking movement
E. Root hair= detect hair movement

Answer 21

A. Merkel receptors= sense vibration (FALSE: sense steady pressure and texture)
B. Ruffini corpuscle= sense steady pressure and texture (FALSE: respond to skin stretch)
C. Pacinian corpuscle= respond to skin stretch (FALSE: sense vibration)
D. Meissner’s corpuscle= respond to flutter and stroking movement (TRUE)
E. Root hair= detect hair movement (TRUE)

Question 22

What is the sensory receptors in the skin- tactile receptors (there is 7 receptors)

Answer 22

1. Merkel receptors
2. Meissner’s corpuscle
3. Pacinian corpuscle
4. Ruffini corpuscle
5. Root hair
6. Sensory nerve
7. Free nerve ending of nociceptor

Question 23

What is the sensory receptors in the muscles and joints - proprioceptors

Answer 23

Muscle spindles, extrafusal muscle fiber, golgi tendon organ

Question 24

What is the f(x) of proprioceptors?

Answer 24

Sense movement and body position

Question 25

TRUE OR FALSE

A. The amplitude of the receptor potential increases as stimulus increases.
B. The more the receptor potential rises above the threshold, the lower the frequency of AP

Answer 25

A. The amplitude of the receptor potential increases as stimulus increases. (TRUE)
B. The more the receptor potential rises above the threshold, the lower the frequency of AP (FALSE: The higher the frequency of AP)

Question 26

Definition of receptive field of a sensory neuron

Answer 26

The region of the sensory area within which a receptor can detect the stimulus

Question 27

Arrange in ascending order (slow to rapid) :

Root hair plexus, muscle spindle, pacini corpuscle, joint capsule receptor

Answer 27

Joint capsule receptor, muscle spindle, root hair plexus, pacini corpuscle

Question 28

TRUE OR FALSE

A. Cold= slow adaptation
B. Texture= slow adaptation
C. Stroking= rapid adaptation
D. Vibration= slow adaptation
E. Stretch= rapid adaptation
F. Polymodal stimulus= slow adaptation
G. Warm= rapid adaptation

Answer 28

A. Cold= slow adaptation (FALSE: rapid)
B. Texture= slow adaptation (TRUE)
C. Stroking= rapid adaptation (TRUE)
D. Vibration= slow adaptation (FALSE: rapid)
E. Stretch= rapid adaptation (FALSE: slow)
F. Polymodal stimulus= slow adaptation (TRUE)
G. Warm= rapid adaptation (TRUE)

Question 29

What it meant by sensation?

Answer 29

A conscious perception of a particular feeling caused by stimulation of receptors by its adequate stimulus

Question 30

State the definition of adaptation

Answer 30

Adaptation is the ability to diminish the extent of their depolarisation despite sustained stimulus strength

Question 31

The size of receptive field can be measured by …..

Answer 31

Two point discrimination

Question 32

TRUE OR FALSE

A. The size of the receptive field depends on the dendritic arbor of the individual receptor
B. The size of the receptive field does not depends on the position of the receptor in the sensory organ

Answer 32

A. The size of the receptive field depends on the dendritic arbor of the individual receptor (TRUE)
B. The size of the receptive field does not depends on the position of the receptor in the sensory organ (FALSE: depends)

Question 33

Explain/ desc about tonic receptors

Answer 33

> Tonic receptors is a slow adapting receptor.
It detect continuous stimulus strength where the impulses is continuously transmitted to the brain as long as the stimulus is present
Eventually the receptor will decreases but not as low as below the threshold level
This is to ensure that the brain is constantly informed of the body changes
As for example: the golgi tendon apparatus that is located in the muscles and joints allow the body to sense the contraction of body movement and load on the muscle tendon