COUGH MECHANISM

Question 1

LIST THE STIMULI FOR COUGHING
- CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STIMULI

Answer 1

1. ACIDS (GASTRIC CONTENT)
2. BIOLOGICAL PATHOGENS (INFLUENZA VIRUS)
3. PROINFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS (BRADYKININ)
4. NOXIOUS STIMULI (CAPSAICIN)

Question 2

LIST THE STIMULI FOR COUGHING
- MECHANICAL STIMULI

Answer 2

1. ASPIRATION OF LIQUIDS
2. SOLIDS
3. PRESSURE ON THE RESP. TRACT

Question 3

LOCATION OF THE COUGH RECEPTOR
- INTRATHORACIC
- EXTRATHORACIC
- OTHERS

Answer 3

INTRATHORACIC
- BROCHI
- TRACHEA
- PLEURA

EXTRATHORACIC
- LARYX
- SUPRALARYNGEAL AREA

OTHERS
- EAR CANAL
- TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
- OESOPHAGUS
- STOMACH
- DIAPHRAGM
- PERICARDIUM

Question 4

AFFERENT IMPULSES ALWAYS CARRIED BY THE

Answer 4

VAGUS NERVE
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE

Question 5

EFFERENT IMPULSES ALWAYS CARRIED BY

Answer 5

SPINAL NERVE INCLUDING THE PHRENIC NERVE, NERVE TO THE ABDOMINAL M., INTERCOSTAL NERVE
RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE
VAGUS NERVE

Question 6

STATE THE MAIN CLASSES OF COUGH RECEPTORS

Answer 6

• RAPIDLY ADAPTING RECEPTORS
• SLOWLY ADAPTING RECEPTORS
• C FIBERS

Question 7

RAPIDLY ADAPTING RECEPTORS

Answer 7

• RESPOND TOWARDS DYNAMIC LUNG INFLATION, LUNG COLLAPSE, BRONCHOSPASM
• SPORADICALLY ACTIVE THROUGHOUT THE RESP. CYCLE

Question 8

SLOWLY ADAPTING RECEPTORS

Answer 8

• RESPOND TOWARDS THE MECHANICAL FORCES
• INVOLVE IN THE HERING- BREUER REFLEX

Question 9

C- FIBER

Answer 9

• RESPOND TOWARDS NOXIOUS STIMULI

Question 10

PHRENIC NERVE INNERVATE THE

Answer 10

DIAPHRAGM

Question 11

RLN AND VAGUS NERVE INNERVATE THE

Answer 11

LARYNX
TRACHEA
BRONCHI

Question 12

SPINAL MOTOR INNERVATE THE

Answer 12

EXPIRATORY MUSCLES

Question 13

STATE ALL PHASE IN THE COUGH REFLEX

Answer 13

1. INITIATION PHASE
2. INSPIRATORY PHASE
3. COMPRESSION PHASE
4. EXPIRATORY PHASE

Question 14

DESC INITIATION PHASE AND INSPIRATORY PHASE

Answer 14

INITIATION PHASE:
- IRRITATE THE TRACHEOBRONCHIAL TREE

INSPIRATORY PHASE
- THE VOCAL CORD OPEN TO ALLOW AIR TO ENTER THE LUNG
- EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE AND DIAPHRAGM CONTRACT -> EXPANSION OF THE CHEST CAVITY -> FACILITATE THE AIR TO ENTER THE LUNG
- INCREASE IN THE INTRA-THORACIC PRESSURE

Question 15

DESC THE COMPRESSION PHASE

Answer 15

COMPRESSION PHASE:
- THE EPIGLOTTIS AND VOCAL CORD CLOSE
- EXPIRATION TO OCCUR AGAINST THE CLOSE EPIGLOTTIS AND VOCAL CORD
- FURTHER INCREASE IN THE INTRA-THORACIC PRESSURE

Question 16

DESC THE EXPIRATORY PHASE

Answer 16

• EPIGLOTTIS OPEN
• VOCAL CORD RELAX
• INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE AND ABDOMINAL MUSCLE CONTRACT -> DEPRESSION OF THE THORACIC CAVITY
• RELEASE THE PRESSURE FROM THE LUNGS
• AIR AND IRRITANT RAPIDLY EXPELLED

Question 17

STATE DISEASE THAT CATOGORISED AS ACUTE COUGH.

Answer 17

1. TRACHEOBRONCHITIS
2. BROCHOPNEUMONIA
3. WHOOPING COUGH
4. PULMONARY OEDEMA
5. BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
6. ASPIRATION OF FOREIGN BODIES

Question 18

STATE DISEASE THAT CATOGORISED AS SUB ACUTE COUGH

Answer 18

1. TRACHEOBRONCHITIS
2. WHOOPING COUGH
3. POST VIRAL TUSSIVE SYNDYROME

Question 19

STATE DISEASE THAT CATOGORISED AS CHRONIC COUGH

Answer 19

1. CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
2. BRONCHIECTASIS
3. CYSTIF FIBROSIS
4. TB
5. SARCOIDOSIS

Question 20

STATE THE DISEASE THAT IS DRY COUGH

Answer 20

• PLEURAL DISORDERS
• DISEASES OF THE INTERSTITIUM AND MEDIASTINAL LESIONS
• GERD
• OTO RESP. REFLEX

Question 21

STATE THE DISEASE THE IS PRODUCTIVE COUGH

Answer 21

• AIRWAYS DISEASE
• SUPPURATIVE LUNG DISEASE