COUGH MECHANISM Flashcards
LIST THE STIMULI FOR COUGHING
- CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STIMULI
- ACIDS (GASTRIC CONTENT)
- BIOLOGICAL PATHOGENS (INFLUENZA VIRUS)
- PROINFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS (BRADYKININ)
- NOXIOUS STIMULI (CAPSAICIN)
LIST THE STIMULI FOR COUGHING
- MECHANICAL STIMULI
- ASPIRATION OF LIQUIDS
- SOLIDS
- PRESSURE ON THE RESP. TRACT
LOCATION OF THE COUGH RECEPTOR
- INTRATHORACIC
- EXTRATHORACIC
- OTHERS
INTRATHORACIC
- BROCHI
- TRACHEA
- PLEURA
EXTRATHORACIC
- LARYX
- SUPRALARYNGEAL AREA
OTHERS
- EAR CANAL
- TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
- OESOPHAGUS
- STOMACH
- DIAPHRAGM
- PERICARDIUM
AFFERENT IMPULSES ALWAYS CARRIED BY THE
VAGUS NERVE
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE
EFFERENT IMPULSES ALWAYS CARRIED BY
SPINAL NERVE INCLUDING THE PHRENIC NERVE, NERVE TO THE ABDOMINAL M., INTERCOSTAL NERVE
RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE
VAGUS NERVE
STATE THE MAIN CLASSES OF COUGH RECEPTORS
- RAPIDLY ADAPTING RECEPTORS
- SLOWLY ADAPTING RECEPTORS
- C FIBERS
RAPIDLY ADAPTING RECEPTORS
- RESPOND TOWARDS DYNAMIC LUNG INFLATION, LUNG COLLAPSE, BRONCHOSPASM
- SPORADICALLY ACTIVE THROUGHOUT THE RESP. CYCLE
SLOWLY ADAPTING RECEPTORS
- RESPOND TOWARDS THE MECHANICAL FORCES
- INVOLVE IN THE HERING- BREUER REFLEX
C- FIBER
- RESPOND TOWARDS NOXIOUS STIMULI
PHRENIC NERVE INNERVATE THE
DIAPHRAGM
RLN AND VAGUS NERVE INNERVATE THE
LARYNX
TRACHEA
BRONCHI
SPINAL MOTOR INNERVATE THE
EXPIRATORY MUSCLES
STATE ALL PHASE IN THE COUGH REFLEX
- INITIATION PHASE
- INSPIRATORY PHASE
- COMPRESSION PHASE
- EXPIRATORY PHASE
DESC INITIATION PHASE AND INSPIRATORY PHASE
INITIATION PHASE:
- IRRITATE THE TRACHEOBRONCHIAL TREE
INSPIRATORY PHASE
- THE VOCAL CORD OPEN TO ALLOW AIR TO ENTER THE LUNG
- EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE AND DIAPHRAGM CONTRACT -> EXPANSION OF THE CHEST CAVITY -> FACILITATE THE AIR TO ENTER THE LUNG
- INCREASE IN THE INTRA-THORACIC PRESSURE
DESC THE COMPRESSION PHASE
COMPRESSION PHASE:
- THE EPIGLOTTIS AND VOCAL CORD CLOSE
- EXPIRATION TO OCCUR AGAINST THE CLOSE EPIGLOTTIS AND VOCAL CORD
- FURTHER INCREASE IN THE INTRA-THORACIC PRESSURE
DESC THE EXPIRATORY PHASE
- EPIGLOTTIS OPEN
- VOCAL CORD RELAX
- INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE AND ABDOMINAL MUSCLE CONTRACT -> DEPRESSION OF THE THORACIC CAVITY
- RELEASE THE PRESSURE FROM THE LUNGS
- AIR AND IRRITANT RAPIDLY EXPELLED
STATE DISEASE THAT CATOGORISED AS ACUTE COUGH.
- TRACHEOBRONCHITIS
- BROCHOPNEUMONIA
- WHOOPING COUGH
- PULMONARY OEDEMA
- BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
- ASPIRATION OF FOREIGN BODIES
STATE DISEASE THAT CATOGORISED AS SUB ACUTE COUGH
- TRACHEOBRONCHITIS
- WHOOPING COUGH
- POST VIRAL TUSSIVE SYNDYROME
STATE DISEASE THAT CATOGORISED AS CHRONIC COUGH
- CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
- BRONCHIECTASIS
- CYSTIF FIBROSIS
- TB
- SARCOIDOSIS
STATE THE DISEASE THAT IS DRY COUGH
- PLEURAL DISORDERS
- DISEASES OF THE INTERSTITIUM AND MEDIASTINAL LESIONS
- GERD
- OTO RESP. REFLEX
STATE THE DISEASE THE IS PRODUCTIVE COUGH
- AIRWAYS DISEASE
- SUPPURATIVE LUNG DISEASE