Sensation and Perception - Auditory, Touch, Taste Flashcards
outer ear
pinna (ear), auditory canal
middle ear
ear drum, HAS (bones vibrate to send signal)
inner ear
cochlea – like COCHELLA (sounds 1st processed here); basilar membrane is in the cochlea
where do both theories of hearing occur
cochlea
place theory
location where hair cells bend determines sound (high pitches)
frequency theory
rate at which action potentials are sent determines sound (low pitches)
Muller-lyer illusion
lines of the same length appear to be different lengths
doesn’t work on cultures without exposure to modern architecture
Ponzo illusion
happens due to linear perspective – one line looks longer than another even though they are the same length, just on different parts of the railroad track
McGurk effect
see mouth saying ba or fa overrides what you actually hear (va)
pathway of sound
sound -> pinna -> auditory canal -> ear drum (tympanic membrane) -> hammer, anvil, stirrup (HAS) -> oval window -> cochlea -> auditory nerve -> temporal lobes
touch
mechanoreceptors -> spinal cord -> thalamus -> somatosensory cortex
vestibular
sense of balance (semicircular canals in the inner ear effect this)
kinesthetic (proprioception)
sense of body position (neurons in ligaments & body tells you this)
gate-control theory
we have a “gate” to control how much pain is experienced
5 taste receptors
bitter, salty, sweet, sour, unami (savory)
smell
olfaction
only sense that does not route though the thalamus first. goes to temporal lobe and amygdala.
gestalt psychology
whole is greater than the sum of its parts
figure/ground
organize information into figures/objects that stand apart from what surrounds it (background)
(gestalt psychology)
closure
mentally fill in gaps
(gestalt psychology)
proximity
group things together that appear near each other
(gestalt psychology)
similarity
group things together based on looks
(gestalt psychology)
continuity
tendency to mentally form a continuous line
(gestalt psychology)
