Biological Basis - Sleep Flashcards
higher-level consciousness
controlled processes – totally aware
lower-level consciousness
automatic processing (daydreaming, phone numbers)
causes of altered states
produced through drugs, fatigue, hypnosis
subconscious
sleeping and dreaming
no awareness
knocked out
beta waves
awake (you betta be awake for the exam)
alpha waves
high amplitude, drowsy NREM (non REM) stages
stage 1 of sleep
light sleep
stage 2 of sleep
bursts of sleep spindles
stage 3 of sleep
delta waves – deep sleep
Rapid eye movement (REM)
dream, cognitive processing
What controls the Circadian Rhythm?
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain
Narcolepsy
fall asleep out of nowhere (due to deficiency in orexin)
What did Freud think about dreams?
Freud believed that dreaming is gratification of unconscious desires and needs
Latent Content
hidden meaning in dreams (Freud)
Manifest Content
obvious storyline in dreams (Freud)
Activation Synthesis
proposes that dreams are caused by random bursts of neural activity in the brain, which the frontal lobe interprets and then gives meaning to. Dream theory that dreams do not have much meaning but are a result of brain processes.
What effect do psychoactive drugs have on the brain?
triggers dopamine releases
Depressants
alcohol, barbiturates (sleep drugs), tranquilizers, opiates/narcotics (pain relief)
what is the physical effect of depressants
decrease sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight) activation, highly addictive
Stimulants
amphetamines (treats hyperactivity & narcolepsy), cocaine, MDMA (meth/ecstasy), caffeine, nicotine
what is the physical effect of stimulants
increases sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight) activation, highly addictive
examples of Hallucinogens
LSD, Marijuana
what is the physical effect of hallucinogens
causes hallucinations, less addictive
