Biological Basis - Neurons/Neurotransmitters Flashcards

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1
Q

Neuron

A

basic cell of the nervous system

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2
Q

Dendrites

A

receive incoming signal

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3
Q

soma

A

cell body

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4
Q

axon

A

action potential travels down it

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5
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

speeds up the action potential down the axon, protects the axon, attacked by Tcells

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6
Q

Axon Terminals

A

release neurotransmitters, sending the signal to the next neuron

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7
Q

Vesicles

A

sacs inside the terminal that contain neurotransmitters

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8
Q

Synapse

A

gap between neurons

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9
Q

Action Potential

A

movement of Sodium and Potassium ions across the membrane

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10
Q

what does action potential do

A

sends an electrical charge down the axon

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11
Q

all or none law

A

stimulus must trigger the action potential past its threshold, but does not increase the intensity of the response
(flush the toilet)

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12
Q

refractory period

A

neuron must rest and reset before it can send another action potential
(toilet resets)

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13
Q

Sensory neurons

A

receives signals

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14
Q

Afferent neurons

A

Accept signals

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15
Q

Motor neurons

A

sends signals

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16
Q

Efferent neurons

A

signal Exits

17
Q

interneurons

A

cells in spinal cord responsible for reflex loop

18
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

arouses the body’s fight/flight response (generally activates– sympathetic to you getting eaten by a tiger so it helps you run away)

19
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

established homeostasis after a sympathetic response (generally inhibits)

20
Q

Neurotransmitters (NT)

A

chemicals released in synaptic gap, received by neurons

21
Q

GABA

A

major inhibitory neurotransmitter

22
Q

GlutamatE

A

major Exitatory neurotransmitter (get excited when seeing your mates!)

23
Q

Dopamine

A

reward & movement

24
Q

Serotonin

A

moods & emotion

25
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

memory (neurotransmitter)

26
Q

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine

A

sympathetic nervous system arousal

27
Q

Endorphins

A

pain control

28
Q

Oxytocin

A

love and bonding

29
Q

Agonist

A

drug that mimics a neurotransmitter

30
Q

Antagonist

A

drug that blocks a neurotransmitter

31
Q

Reuptake

A

unused neurotransmitters are taken back up into the sending neuron. SSRIs block reuptake, hence treating depression

32
Q

SSRI

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors