Sensation and Perception - 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Weber’s law

A

the “just noticeable difference” or “difference threshold” is a constant proportion of the original stimulus size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

signal detection theory

A

detection depends on experience, expectations, alertness, etc.
(more likely to notice a door slam outside when waiting on the pizza guy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sensory adaptation

A

diminished sensitivity as a result of constant stimulation (“can you feel your underwear”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sensory habituation

A

diminished sensitivity due to regular exposure (do you notice the train?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

perceptual set

A

tendency to see something as part of a group – speeds up signal processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

inattentional blindness

A

failure to notice something added because you’re so focused on another task (gorilla video)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

change blindness

A

failure to notice a change in the scene (door study – people did not notice when the person they were talking to was replaced with another person)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cocktail party effect

A

notice your name across the room when its spoken, when you weren’t previously paying attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cornea

A

protects the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pupil/iris

A

controls the amount of light entering the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

lens

A

focuses light on the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

retina

A

contains rods and cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

fovea

A

area of best vision (cones here)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

rods

A

black/white, dim light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cones

A

color, bright light (red, green, blue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bipolar cells

A

connects rods/cones and ganglion cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ganglion cells

A

opponent-processing occurs here

(the human visual system interprets information about color by processing signals from photoreceptor cells in an antagonistic manner)

18
Q

blind spot

A

occurs where the optic nerve leaves the eye

19
Q

feature detectors

A

specialized cells that see motion, shapes, lines, etc.
located in occipital lobe (experiments by Hubel & Wiesel)

20
Q

trichromatic

A

three cones for receiving color (blue, red, green)
explains color blindness – they are missing a cone

21
Q

opponent process

A

complementary colors are processed in the ganglion cells – explains why we see an after image

22
Q

negative afterimage

A

when you can no longer see the stimulus, you see its complementary color (seeing green after seeing a red apple)

23
Q

positive afterimage

A

when you can no longer see the stimulus, you see the color that it really is (seeing red after seeing a red apple)

24
Q

visual capture

A

visual system overwhelms all others (nauseous in an IMAX theater – vision trumps vestibular system)

25
Q

constancies

A

recognize that objects do not physically change despite changes in sensory input (size, shape, brightness)

26
Q

Phi Phenomenon

A

adjacent lights blink on/off in succession – looks like movement (traffic signs with arrows)

27
Q

stroboscopic movement

A

motion produced by a rapid succession of lightly varying images (animations)

28
Q

monocular clues

A

how we form a 3D image from a 2D image

29
Q

interposition

A

overlapping images appear closer

(monocular clue)

30
Q

relative size

A

2 objects that are usually similar in size, the smaller one is further away

(monocular clue)

31
Q

relative clarity

A

hazy objects appear further away

(monocular clue)

32
Q

texture gradient

A

coarser objects appear further away

(monocular clue)

33
Q

relative height

A

things higher in our field of vision look further away

(monocular clue)

34
Q

linear perspective

A

parallel lines converge with distance (think railroad tracks)

(monocular clue)

35
Q

motion parallax

A

closer objects appear to move faster than objects that are farther

(monocular clue)

36
Q

binocular clues

A

how both eyes make up a 3D image

37
Q

retinal desparity

A

image is cast slightly different on each retina, location of image helps us determine depth

(binocular clue)

38
Q

convergence

A

eyes strain more (looking inward) as objects draw nearer

(binocular clue)

39
Q

top-down processing

A

using our prior experience, knowledge, and expectations to interpret sensory information

40
Q

bottom-up processing

A

sensory data is interpreted based without reliance on prior knowledge or concepts